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Found 6341 publications

The Effect of Ratio of Fiber Bundles in the Textile Composite Layer

Gergely Bojtár

Publication Name: Strojnicky Casopis Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 74

Issue: 2

Page Range: 1-10

Description:

The article shows how the orthotropic material properties of the textile composite layer change if the ratio of longitudinal and transversal fiber bundles in the textile is modified in the case of a composite reinforced with plain weave textile. I determine the material properties using model-cell and finite element simulation. The density of the longitudinal fiber bundles is the same in each of the five examined layer models. I change the ratio of the fiber bundles of the textile by varying the distance of the transversal roving's in each model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2024-0019

Agrotechnical Research of Subsoil Chisel Tools

Péter Rácz

Publication Name: Strojnicky Casopis Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 74

Issue: 2

Page Range: 65-70

Description:

In the course of the comparative investigation, energetic and working-quality tests were carried out with three frequently used soil-loosening implement types in field-land conditions - such as wide blade, duck-foot and chisel undercutting ('Paraplow') type loosening elements. When evaluating the results of the test, we qualified the implement-tools with the help an arbitrarily defined constructional factor; in this way, an order of the tool constructions was determined.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2024-0027

Global Sensitivity Study of a Duffing-Type Nonlinear Vibration System

F. Hajdu

Publication Name: Strojnicky Casopis Journal of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 74

Issue: 2

Page Range: 17-24

Description:

An interesting field of studying nonlinear systems is their sensitivity study. With sensitivity study the most influential parameters on a system can be obtained and then the simplification and improvement of the model will be possible. In this paper the global sensitivity study of a Duffing-type vibration system is carried out with Sobol's variance-based method taking the root mean square of acceleration and the maximum acceleration as output variables. With the sensitivity study it was observed that the parameters of the excitation signal like the amplitude and the angular velocity are the most influential. It was also found that a single parameter has less influence on the system than the parameter combinations. The aim of the research is to carry out the global sensitivity study of a relatively simple nonlinear system. The study is the basis for further research tasks in order to perform the sensitivity study of more complex systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2024-0021

Cyanobacteria-Fungi Co-Cultures: Which Partner Contributes to Antifungal Activity?

B. Pap Gergely Maróti Vince Ördög Wendy A. Stirk Johannes van Staden

Publication Name: Current Microbiology

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 81

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Cyanobacteria synthesize secondary metabolites with antifungal activity, making them potential biopesticide agents for sustainable, eco-friendly agriculture. Programmes to identify Cyanobacterial strains with effective bioactivity generally screen strains maintained in culture collections. These strains are often monoclonal but non-axenic and this may potentially influence the bioactivity of the generated biomass. The present study investigated in vitro antifungal activity of Nostoc muscorum MACC-189 and N. linckia MACC-612 strains co-isolated with fungal co-partners and maintained in the Mosonmagyaróvár Algal Culture Collection (MACC). The fungal co-partners were isolated from the Cyanobacterial stock cultures and identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum and Sarocladium sp., respectively. The cultures were tested against seven phytopathogens. The phytopathogenic fungi were grown on potato dextrose agar plates and suspension cultures of the Cyanobacteria-fungi and isolated fungal co-partners were placed in the centre of the plate. Antifungal effects were assessed semi-quantitatively after 10 days of incubation. The Cyanobacteria-fungal co-cultures had antifungal activity against Monilinia fructigena and Aspergillus sp. with the N. muscorum/P. lilacinum culture being the most effective. The fungal isolates inhibited M. fructigena with P. lilacinum having a dose-dependent response but did not inhibit Aspergillus sp. This suggested that the antifungal effect of the Cyanobacterial cultures on M. fructigena was due to the fungal partner rather than the cyanobacterium while the antifungal effect on Aspergillus sp. was due to the cyanobacterium partner. As it was not possible to maintain living axenic N. muscorum and N. linckia cultures, this could not be conclusively confirmed. These results highlight the importance of either using axenic cultures or identifying the co-isolates when testing Cyanobacteria cultures for antifungal bioactivity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03914-3

Role of energy natural resource productivity and environmental taxation in controlling environmental pollution: Policy-based analysis for regions

Yuriy Bilan Kamel Si Mohammed Abdelmohsen A. Nassani Xin Zhao Xiaowei Ma Guoqing Zhai

Publication Name: Geological Journal

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 59

Issue: 11

Page Range: 3068-3079

Description:

The present study explores the impact of energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax on environmental sustainability in six major CO2-emitting economies: the Euro Area, China, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, from 1997 to 2019. This analysis aims to reveal novel findings and implications for different energy natural resource productivity types and environmental regulations. We employed data regarding leading national and regional CO2 emitters from 1997 to 2020 to conduct an empirical analysis using the panel non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) and panel quantile ARDL (QARDL) methods. The results show that energy natural resource productivity and environmental tax are crucial components in reducing CO2 emissions by controlling for innovation technology and renewable energy consumption. The main findings demonstrate that the impact is stronger in the presence of increased energy natural resource productivity and vice versa. These findings have novel implications for sustainable development and carbon neutrality.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/gj.5047

AI Impact on Hotel Guest Satisfaction via Tailor-Made Services: A Case Study of Serbia and Hungary

Lóránt Dávid Tamara Gajić Andrea Ivanišević Mario Silić Minja Bolesnikov Dragan Vukolić Sonja Veljović Ranko Makivić

Publication Name: Information Switzerland

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study examines the level of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the personalization of hotel services and its impact on guest satisfaction through an analysis of tourists’ attitudes and behaviors The focus of the research is on how personalized recommendations for food and beverages, activities, and room services, delivered by trustworthy AI systems, digital experience, and the perception of privacy and data security, influence overall guest satisfaction. The research was conducted in Serbia and Hungary, using structural models to assess and analyze direct and indirect effects. The results show that AI personalization significantly contributes to guest satisfaction, with mediating variables such as trust in AI systems and technological experience playing a key role. A comparative analysis highlights differences between Hungary, a member of the European Union, and Serbia, a country in transition, shedding light on specific regulatory frameworks and cultural preferences in these countries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/info15110700

Comparison of feed-forward control strategies for simplified vertical hopping model with intrinsic muscle properties

Ambrus Zelei Dóra Patkó

Publication Name: Bioinspiration and Biomimetics

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

To analyse walking, running or hopping motions, models with high degrees of freedom are usually used. However simple reductionist models are advantageous within certain limits. In a simple manner, the hopping motion is generally modelled by a spring-mass system, resulting in piecewise smooth dynamics with marginally stable periodic solutions. For a more realistic behaviour, the spring is replaced by a variety of muscle models due to which asymptotically stable periodic motions may occur. The intrinsic properties of the muscle model, i.e. preflexes, are usually taken into account in three complexities—constant, linear and Hill-type. In this paper, we propose a semi-closed form feed-forward control which represents the muscle activation and results in symmetrical hopping motion. The research question is whether hopping motions with symmetric force-time history have advantages over asymmetric ones in two aspects. The first aspect is its applicability for describing human motion. The second aspect is related to robotics where the efficiency is expressed in term of performance measures. The symmetric systems are compared with each other and with those from the literature using performance measures such as hopping height, energetic efficiency, stability of the periodic orbit, and dynamical robustness estimated by the local integrity measure (LIM). The paper also demonstrates that the DynIn MatLab Toolbox that has been developed for the estimation of the LIM of equilibrium points is applicable for periodic orbits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad7345

Prediction of Efficiency, Performance, and Emissions Based on a Validated Simulation Model in Hydrogen–Gasoline Dual-Fuel Internal Combustion Engines

Zoltán Weltsch Krisztián Kun Bálint Szabó Attila Kiss

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 22

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study explores the performance and emissions characteristics of a dual-fuel internal combustion engine operating on a blend of hydrogen and gasoline. This research began with a baseline simulation of a conventional gasoline engine, which was subsequently validated through experimental testing on an AVL testbed. The simulation results closely matched the testbed data, confirming the accuracy of the model, with deviations within 5%. Building on this validated model, a hydrogen–gasoline dual-fuel engine simulation was developed. The predictive simulation revealed an approximately 5% increase in overall engine efficiency at the optimal operating point, primarily due to hydrogen’s combustion properties. Additionally, the injected gasoline mass and CO2 emissions were reduced by around 30% across the RPM range. However, the introduction of hydrogen also resulted in a slight reduction (~10%) in torque, attributed to the lower volumetric efficiency caused by hydrogen displacing intake air. While CO emissions were significantly reduced, NOx emissions nearly doubled due to the higher combustion temperatures associated with hydrogen. This research demonstrates the potential of hydrogen–gasoline dual-fuel systems in reducing carbon emissions, while highlighting the need for further optimization to balance performance with environmental impact.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en17225680

Evaluation of Novel Picolinamide Fungicides (QiI) for Controlling Cercospora beticola Sacc. in Sugar Beet

Gabor Kukorelli Zoltán Molnár Andrea Hufnagl Akos F. Biró Andy J. Leader

Publication Name: Horticulturae

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Studies were initiated to find new effective fungicides to use under field conditions to discover novel approaches for optimizing disease management in sugar beet crops. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), a prevalent foliar disease in sugar beet crops worldwide, is caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola Sacc. This disease has become the most prevalent pathogen in sugar beet crops across nearly all European growing regions, including Hungary. The epidemic spread of this disease can cause up to 50% yield loss. The use of fungicides has been a cornerstone in managing CLS of sugar beet due to the limited efficacy of non-chemical alternatives. However, the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains of Cercospora beticola Sacc. in recent decades has compromised the effectiveness of certain fungicides, particularly those belonging to the QoI (FRAC Group 11) and DMI (FRAC Group 3) classes. Hungary is among the many countries where resistance to these fungicides has developed due to their frequent application. Picolinamides represent a novel class of fungal respiration inhibitors targeting Complex III within the Quinoine-Inside Inhibitor (QiI) group. Two innovative fungicides from this class, fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid (both classified under FRAC Group 21), were evaluated for their efficacy in managing CLS of sugar beet in Hungary during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Both fungicides were applied as formulated products at various application rates and demonstrated superior efficacy in controlling CLS compared to untreated control plots and the reference fungicides difenoconazole and epoxiconazole. The results consistently demonstrated that all tested application rates of fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid effectively controlled CLS in sugar beet, exhibiting a clear dose–response relationship. Disease severity, as measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was significantly correlated with yield reduction but showed no significant association with root sugar content. Moreover, data from both study years indicated that picolinamide fungicides applied at a rate of 75 g ai/ha significantly outperformed difenoconazole (100 g ai/ha) in controlling the CLS of sugar beet. Additionally, higher application rates of picolinamides at 100–150 g ai/ha outperformed epoxiconazole at 125 g ai/ha in disease suppression. Fenpicoxamid is currently registered for use in cereals within Europe, and outside of Europe in Banana against Black Sigatoka (eff. Mycosphaerella fijiensis). Florylpicoxamid, while not yet registered in Europe, is undergoing approval processes in various countries worldwide for a range of crops and is continually being evaluated for potential market introduction. Additional details regarding the efficacy of florylpicoxamid against CLS in sugar beet were presented at ‘The 10th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2024, Győr-Hungary)’ in 2024.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10111202