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Found 6341 publications
Mechanical Properties of Clay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liner Materials of Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels
Publication Name: Nanomaterials
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 17
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study focuses on polyamide 6/organo-modified montmorillonite (PA6/OMMT) nanocomposites as potential liner materials, given the growing interest in enhancing the performance of type IV composite overwrapped hydrogen storage pressure vessels. The mechanical properties of PA6/OMMT composites with varying filler concentrations were investigated across a temperature range relevant to hydrogen storage conditions (−40 °C to +85 °C). Liner collapse, a critical issue caused by rapid gas discharge, was analyzed using an Ishikawa diagram to identify external and internal factors. Mechanical testing revealed that higher OMMT content generally increased stiffness, especially at elevated temperatures. The Young’s modulus and first yield strength exhibited non-linear temperature dependencies, with 1 wt. per cent OMMT content enhancing yield strength at all tested temperatures. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that OMMT improves the storage modulus, suggesting effective filler dispersion, but it also reduces the toughness and heat resistance, as evidenced by lower glass transition temperatures. This study underscores the importance of optimizing OMMT content to balance mechanical performance and thermal stability for the practical application of PA6/OMMT nanocomposites in hydrogen storage pressure vessels.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/nano14171385
In-Silico Validation of Insulin Sensitivity Prediction by Neural Network-based Quantile Regression
Publication Name: IFAC Papersonline
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 24
Page Range: 368-373
Description:
High blood glucose levels and stress-induced hyperglycemia are common issues in intensive care units (ICU). Controlling blood glucose levels is crucial but challenging due to patient-specific variability. This challenge was addressed by developing model-based control protocols, which rely on identifying and predicting the patient-specific metabolic state. This study presents the in-silico simulation-based evaluation of a new artificial neural network-based insulin sensitivity (SI) prediction method. The models were trained on a dataset collected during clinical treatment using the stochastic-targeted (STAR) protocol and evaluated by simulating the clinical interventions on virtual patients created from retrospective clinical data. The results show the new models could be safely applied for SI prediction. Furthermore, the adopted method had very similar accuracy in the overall comparison of cohorts, with only minor differences noted in hypoglycemia events.
Open Access: Yes
Analysis of the Laboratory and In-Competition Characteristics of Adolescent Motocross (MX) Riders: An In Situ Case Study
Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 18
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Motocross is one of the most popular high-speed motorcycle races, which takes place on a naturally closed track with significant challenges. This study aimed to characterize anthropometric, circulatory, and lower and upper limb muscle properties based on laboratory and race-recorded characteristics. Male competitors (n = 3) aged 14 years (MX) were included in the study. All three boys have national and international experience. Metabolic characteristics (ventilation, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production) and heart rate (HR) were measured in the laboratory while HR and speed were measured while racing. No significant difference was found between the three competitors in terms of HR during the race. In terms of number of sprints (No. sprint) and maximum speed (Speedmax), we found the most successful runner (highest finisher) to have the most sprints and maximum speed. Comparing the metabolic characteristics, it was found that racing was between the respiratory breakpoint (VT1 ) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP), but, in several cases, crossed the anaerobic threshold. While motocross riders are exposed to extreme conditions and high physical demands, in motorsport, victories depend not only on the athlete’s physical abilities but also on several factors such as driving technique, mental effort, equipment efficiency and resistance, race strategy, and team competence.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/app14188232
Making stateless and stateful network performance measurements unbiased
Publication Name: Computer Communications
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 225
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 141-155
Description:
The Benchmarking Working Group (BMWG) of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined a series of Requests for Comments (RFC) to standardize the benchmarking of network interconnect devices (e.g., bridges, routers, different IPv6 transition solutions). The paper points out that there are cases where the performance results are significantly different when a single IP address pair or multiple IP addresses are used. The cause of this phenomenon is rooted in the recent hardware and software advancements: Receive Side Scaling (RSS) makes it possible to distribute packet processing workload over multiple CPU cores. However, this may be implemented in two ways: the first way only includes the IP addresses into the hash function used to distribute the workload among the CPU cores, whereas the second one also includes the port numbers. RFC 4814 proposed an excellent solution for the second case by recommending the usage of pseudorandom port numbers during benchmarking; however, the first case was not handled properly, because no explicit recommendation was given regarding the usage of multiple IP addresses. This paper attempts to bridge this methodological gap; a practical solution is proposed for using pseudorandom IP addresses in various scenarios including the benchmarking of IPv4 and IPv6 routers and Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers (stateful NAT64) gateways. Its feasibility is shown by disclosing the details of its implementation in siitperf. Then the proposed solution is validated by both stateless and stateful tests. It is shown that the measurement results of the tests following the proposed solution can better characterize the true performance of the network interconnect devices that follow the first type of RSS implementation than the results of the tests using a single IP address pair.
Open Access: Yes
Operational optimisation of integrated solar combined cooling, heating, and power systems in buildings considering demand response and carbon trading
Publication Name: Energy Conversion and Management
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 315
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The Solar Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power (S-CCHP) system offers a promising solution to the energy crisis and environmental concerns. Its operation optimisation is essential due to intermittent solar irradiation. However, previous studies have concentrated on the “electricity-heating” subsystem and economic costs, with less emphasis on the integrated system's broader benefits and environmental impact. This study introduces an operational optimisation approach across “electricity-heating-cooling-gas” subsystems based on the design extension of the Residential Building Heating and Electricity Production (RESHeat) system. Specifically, the approach optimises operation from both the demand and supply sides, incorporating the demand response (DR) and Ladder Carbon Trading (LCT) on the demonstration in Limanowa, Poland, to balance economic and environmental impacts. The results show that the optimised electricity is reduced by 0.71 % per day while heating and cooling demands rise by 0.57% and 0.91%. PV/T panels provide 87.11% of electricity, with excess sold back to the grid in summer. DR combined with LCT in the extension design contributed to cutting costs by 16.15 % and CO2 by 57.79% compared with the initial design, underscoring the efficacy of collaborative operational in enhancing both economic and environmental performance.
Open Access: Yes
Remarks on the location theories of startups: A case study on the Visegrad countries
Publication Name: Regional Science Policy and Practice
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Startups, understood as new forms of innovative and fast-growth ventures, are emerging in traditional industries, creating intense competition and displacing former leaders. Our study focuses on location theory embedded in institutional and resource context and its application to startups in the Visegrad countries. We know a lot about the location choices made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, research on the location preferences of startups is limited, especially within the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. We investigated the differences in location decisions between startups and SMEs and those between startups located in metropolitan areas and rural areas. A study on the location decisions of startups was conducted in 2021 using mixed methods. The research showed that local factors strongly influence startups. It may seem obvious that large cities provide startups with access to resources, markets and support through the local innovation ecosystem. However, our analysis identified three significant differences between startups and traditional SMEs regarding location choice. For startups, the availability of skilled workforce and an R&D center/research university is more difficult. In contrast, local (family) ties and rootedness are more important for rural startups than metropolitan ones. This study provides new evidence on how spatial externalities affect innovative startups in the Visegrad countries and identifies factors that influence the location of startups in urban and rural areas, with a particular focus on Hungarian startups. For the latter, the study shows that state aid to startups has an ambiguous effect on the shape of the ecosystem, producing contradictory effects on the development of startups in the region. Given the methodological limitations described in our paper, further research is advisable to deepen the study of localization theory in the context of startups in the CEE region, especially in the V4 counties.
Open Access: Yes
Cardiovascular Model Identification Using Neural ODE
Publication Name: IFAC Papersonline
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 24
Page Range: 374-379
Description:
Acute circulatory failure (ACF) is a clinical syndrome when the heart and circulatory circulation cannot provide adequate blood supply to meet metabolic needs of the organs. ACF affects 30%- 50% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Fluid resuscitation is the primary treatment of ACF. However, it fails in a significant proportion (about 50%) of cases due to lack of clinically feasible non-invasive perfusion markers to assess the efficacy of the fluid therapy. Unfortunately, unsuccessful fluid therapy negatively affects patient outcome, increasing ICU length of stay and costs. Recent studies show identifying Stressed Blood Volume (SBV) of the cardiovascular system can be used to assess the potential efficacy of fluid therapy. The development of the diagnostic method requires the identification of the central arterial pressure curve based on the femoral arterial pressure, which is clinically available. This central arterial pressure curve can be used to identify the cardiovascular system parameters. In this study, the main goal was to develop a parameter-identification method for the Tube-load model-based transfer function connecting the femoral and central arterial pressure curve by using the so-called Physics-informed Neural Network methodology, namely the Neural ODE method. The study presents the adaptation of the Neural ODE method to the given parameter identification problem and the validation of the developed identification method. The robustness of the developed identification method was tested and used on a series of measurement data recorded in animal experiments.
Open Access: Yes
Pedigree-Based Description of Danubia Alba Rabbit Breed Lines
Publication Name: Animals
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 18
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The diversity of livestock animal breeds is an integral part of global biodiversity and requires careful management for sustainability and future availability. Avoiding inbreeding is a crucial aspect of mating of breeding animals. Our aims were to describe the quality of the pedigree, generation interval, gene origin, inbreeding, and effective population size of Danubia Alba rabbit lines. Line “D” is the maternal, whereas lines “C” and “X” are used as the paternal lines. The pedigree information was followed back from the actual breeding rabbits up to the founder animals. The rabbits having offspring in 2023 were chosen as reference populations for each line. The complete generation equivalent (GenCom) was 17.68 for line “C”, 18.32 for line “D”, and 17.49 for line “X”, respectively. The maximum number of generations (GenMax) was above 30 for each line. The estimated bottleneck effect is mostly the result of selection and not a real genetic loss. The Wright inbreeding coefficient (F_Wright) was the highest for the “X” line rabbits, whereas it was the lowest for the line “D”. Kalinowski’s decomposition of inbreeding showed that it originated mostly from the past; the current fixation of alleles was quite similar for the line “C” and “D”. Based on the predicted effective population sizes, it seems that there is no problem in maintaining of Danubia Alba lines.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/ani14182740
Analysis of coupling in geographic information systems based on WASPAS method for bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic Aczel-Alsina power aggregation operators
Publication Name: Plos One
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 19
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The model of bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic set is a very famous and dominant principle to cope with vague and uncertain information. The bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic set contained the positive membership function, negative membership function, and linguistic variable, where the technique of fuzzy sets to bipolar fuzzy sets are the special cases of the bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic set. In this manuscript, we describe the model of Aczel-Alsina operational laws for bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic values based on Aczel-Alsina t-norm and Aczel-Alsina t-conorm. Additionally, we compute the Aczel-Alsina power aggregation operators based on bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic data, called bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic Aczel-Alsina power averaging operator, bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic Aczel-Alsina power weighted averaging operator, bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic Aczel-Alsina power geometric operator, and bipolar complex fuzzy linguistic Aczel-Alsina power weighted geometric operator with some dominant and fundamental laws such as idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness. Moreover, we initiate the model of the Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment technique with the help of consequent theory. In the context of geographic information systems and spatial information systems, coupling aims to find out the relationships among different components within a geographic information system, where coupling can occur at many stages, for instance, spatial coupling, data coupling, and functional coupling. To evaluate the above dilemma, we perform the model of multi-attribute decision-making for invented operators to compute the best technique for addressing geographic information systems. In the last, we deliberate some numerical examples for comparing the ranking results of proposed and prevailing techniques.
Open Access: Yes
