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Found 6334 publications

Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity – The case study of Győr, Hungary

Eszter Szemerédi Sándor Remsei

Publication Name: Hungarian Geographical Bulletin

Publication Date: 2024-03-30

Volume: 73

Issue: 1

Page Range: 17-33

Description:

Extensive research has shown that urbanisation has a profound effect on the local climate system, leading to the formation of urban heat island. Exposure to urban heat islands poses a major health risk, and there is a growing body of literature recognising that urban population groups with particular demographic characteristics living in specific types of residential environments are disproportionately affected. By combining surface urban heat island data from the Global Surface Urban Heat Island Explorer with neighbourhood-level data on demographics and the type of housing, this study assesses disproportionate exposure to surface urban heat island intensity in the city of Győr, Hungary. Results of the study highlight the importance of targeted interventions for environmental justice, especially in areas characterised by housing estates, high population density and high ageing index.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.73.1.2

Evolution of the revenue/expenditure structure and passenger cost coverage ratio of regular passenger transport between 2007 and 2022

István Kövesdi Balázs Ács

Publication Name: Public Finance Quarterly

Publication Date: 2024-03-28

Volume: 70

Issue: 1

Page Range: 29-49

Description:

This article presents a general methodology for aggregating the actual costs and revenues of public transport in Hungary, which allows to calculate a realistic passenger (user) cost coverage ratio for the main players in the domestic market (MÁV-Volán Group, GYSEV, BKK). After an international perspective and a presentation of the specificities of the domestic market, it is concluded that the cost coverage ratio for fixed rail transport is significantly lower than for public transport services on road. The main reason for this is that fixed rail infrastructure is expensive to develop and operate and is mainly used by public passenger transport. The ridership ratio is significantly reduced by significant investments, and this has been analysed both on a time series and average basis. We present the timetable, tariff changes and major investments that have had an impact on ridership rates, typically only to a small extent. Our analysis is financially oriented and only touches on positive externalities, social benefits and the general government balance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.35551/PFQ_2024_1_2

Optimizing asphalt foaming using neural network

A. Saleh László Gáspár

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2024-03-22

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: 130-136

Description:

This study uses a three-layer backpropagation neural network combined with particle swarm optimization to control the foamed bitumen in cold recycling technology. The foaming process of bitumen is non-linear and depends on dynamic temperature. By developing a neural network model, this study effectively captures the complex relationships between temperature, water content, air pressure, and the expansion ratio and half-life of foamed bitumen. The integration of particle swarm optimization enhances the accuracy and convergence of the neural network model by optimizing the initial weights. This optimization process improves the model's ability to predict and control the quality of foamed bitumen accurately. It serves as a valuable tool for the rapid development of high-quality cold asphalt design.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2023.00896

One-at-a-Time sensitivity study of a tree burning simulation

László Környei F. Hajdu Rajmund Kuti

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2024-03-22

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: 53-59

Description:

The aim of the research was to carry out the One-at-a-Time sensitivity analysis of a tree burning experiment simulation with a novel fuzzy logic-based method. It was observed that the precent of the remaining tree is sensitive to the moisture content, the crown-base diameter and the tree height. The other variables, which are maximum mass loss rate, maximum heat release rate, and maximum temperature at the top of the tree are moderately sensitive or not sensitive to the selected parameters. The presented results can be used in sensitivity studies and wildfire simulations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2023.00850

Impact of soil composition on maximum depth of wetting in expansive soils

Ammar N. Alnmr

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2024-03-22

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: 85-92

Description:

Expansive unsaturated soils present challenges in construction due to their moisture-induced behavior. This study proposes empirical equations to estimate the maximum wetting depth over time. Laboratory experiments and numerical analyses using SEEP/W software investigate wetting depth considering time and sand content in coastal and inland regions. Results reveal the significant influence of sand content on maximum soil moisture depth, emphasizing a recommended content above 30% to mitigate heave. The equations offer practical tools for assessing wetting depth, accounting for temporal and spatial variations. This research highlights the importance of wetting depth in addressing soil-related concerns and provides a foundation for further exploration of related factors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2023.00870

The best of two worlds: Multidisciplinary co-teaching of legal ethics

Gábor Andrási Katalin Szoboszlai-Kiss

Publication Name: Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies

Publication Date: 2024-03-21

Volume: 64

Issue: 2

Page Range: 308-321

Description:

Hungarian legal education is rarely discussed from a pedagogic perspective, especially in English. This paper would like to fill a gap in the academic literature on this topic by presenting a unique multidisciplinary co-teaching initiative, aiming to mix 'the best of two worlds': developing a legal ethics course which is an amalgam of philosophical/theoretical and legal/practical elements. Describing how a compulsory Legal Ethics course was delivered at the István Széchenyi University of Gyor in a case study format, the main aim of the authors is to contribute to the international academic discourse on law school pedagogy in general, and on legal ethics education in particular. First, we provide an overview of professional ethics education in law schools, focusing on the origins of the course in the United States of America. Then, after a review of the academic literature on multidisciplinary co-teaching, the context of this Legal Ethics course is presented: the situation of legal ethics education in the Hungarian law curriculum. Then the course particulars, especially the content and the assessment, will be described in detail, based on the personal experiences and observations of the authors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/2052.2023.00466

Sustainable travel to school programs in Hungary Role of Pedibus and Bicibus pilot programs today

Petra Kinga Kézai

Publication Name: Civil Szemle

Publication Date: 2024-03-21

Volume: 21

Issue: 1

Page Range: 71-88

Description:

In the context of modern urban development, various socio-technical innovations have proliferated in response to urban challenges, offering well-defined solutions. Since the 1970s, the so-called ‚backseat generation’, a group of children whose parents drive them to school every day, has emerged in developed countries, particularly in urban areas. This phenomenon has many negative effects on children, the environment and urban spaces. The present study addresses the issue of urban transport management, in particular the issue of daily school transport. It aims to present, based on literature analysis, good international examples, such as the pedibus and the bicycle bus, which emphasise local values and resources in the light of the ‚slow city’ concept. The study concludes with a presentation and evaluation of the pilot programmes (Pedibus in Gödöllő and Bicibus in Pécs) that have also become established in Hungary in recent years. These programmes offer a supervised, safe, group-based solution for school children and their families to go to school, and build community between different generations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.62560/csz.2024.01.05

Decisions with general scope in the light of special sectoral regulations in the Hungarian administrative system

János Kálmán

Publication Name: Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies

Publication Date: 2024-03-21

Volume: 64

Issue: 2

Page Range: 220-235

Description:

In the 21st century, the two administrative instruments that have the greatest impact on the legal situation of members of society, administrative enforcement and administrative legislation, have been and are being confronted with a number of social challenges (global economic crisis, refugee crisis, epidemics and pandemics). The challenges of the 21st century require public intervention to provide a rapid, accurate and effective response to the problems that arise, while ensuring legality and the protection of the rights of the citizens. The first responses to social problems are provided by sectoral regulations, which may conflict with general rules of administrative procedure. The study analyses administrative decisions of general scope in the light of special sectoral regulation and review the points of conflict with general rules of administrative procedure. The study concludes with a proposal.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/2052.2023.00439

Effects of Local Soil Profiles on Seismic Site Response Analysis

Ayele Tesema Chala R. P. Ray

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-03-18

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 403-410

Description:

Local soil conditions play a significant role in the intensity variations of seismic waves during earthquakes. These variations can be either amplified or de-amplified depending on the specific soil conditions. This study aimed to assess the impact of different soil profiles on seismic site responses. The study considered four types of site profiles: sand (Sa), clay (Cl), sand overlying clay (SaCl), and clay overlying sand (ClSa) profiles. To simulate the ground motion, we selected seven sets of strong earthquake records from the European Strong-Motion Database. These records were selected according to Eurocode-8 with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.24 g, site class A using REXEL computer program. The records were then applied to the bedrock at a depth of 30 meters. Subsequently, a series of 1-D equivalent linear (EQL) response analyses were performed using the STRATA. Amplification factors (AFs) and surface acceleration time histories provided quantitative evaluations for our analysis results. The results demonstrated that site profiles with clay overlying bedrock (SaCl and Cl profiles) exhibited higher seismic amplification and peak ground acceleration in comparison to site profiles with sand overlying bedrock (Sa and ClSa profiles). The maximum median AF is calculated from the SaCl site profile, while the minimum median AF was calculated from the ClSa profile. The relative difference between the maximum and the minimum median AFs was about 33.7%. Based on these results, we can conclude that soft local soils have a pronounced effect on the amplification of seismic waves compared to stiff local soils.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.22148