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Found 6289 publications

Safety Ranking of Railway Crossings in Hungary

Csaba Koren A. Borsos Miklos Gabor

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2111-2120

Description:

Regarding traffic safety, railway crossings are crucial points in the rail and road network. In Hungary the safety ranking of railway crossings has been performed since 1993 and the results have been used for selecting unsafe locations and for prioritizing safety measures. Prioritization is based on a complex point system taking into account accident data, traffic volumes and various traffic engineering aspects. Weights of various indicators were based on engineering judgement. Although this method has been renewed a few times, there is a need to update this method involving more thorough statistical methods. The objective of this paper is to calibrate a new model and to compare it with previous models. A sample of about 1700 railway crossings satisfying a few requirements (railway with public service, traffic volume data available) was set up. The first part of the paper describes data collection. Five years (2010-2014) of accident data, AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) for rail and road, speed limits and further data (road pavement width, control devices, crossing angle, alignment, number of tracks, sight distances) were gathered. The modeling was conducted in two steps. First, each variable was entered into the model alone to see which ones significantly affect accident frequency. As a next step, two-variable models were built where expected injury accident frequency is predicted by annual daily road traffic and annual daily rail traffic. The sample was also split up into subgroups based on the type of control devices in order to analyze their effect on safety. Models are proposed using the Generalized Linear Modeling approach (GLM) assuming a negative binomial error structure. The results give estimation of the impacts of explanatory factors on the safety of railway crossings. Annual daily road traffic and annual daily train traffic are significant predictors. A number of predictors such as crossing angle, track alignment, number of tracks and sight distances turned out to be not significant. As far as the type of control devices are concerned, as expected coefficients are decreasing, hence safety is increasing in the following order: passive crossings, flashing lights, flashing lights + half barriers. Based on the above results, the complex point system used by practitioners for safety ranking was simplified considerably leaving out variables which turned out to be not significant.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.226

Bending stiffness measurement of wounded piano strings

P. Szalai P. Horváth

Publication Name: Proceedings of ISMA 2016 International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and Usd2016 International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2233-2240

Description:

Bass notes of pianos exhibit high degree of inharmonicity that means that frequencies of overtones depart from integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. Small amount of inharmonicity is tolerable for musicians and listeners, but higher ones cause unpleasant metallic tone. Reducing inharmonicity the first step is to investigate all influencing factors. This paper deals with effects of bending stiffness and nonuniform winding of wounded strings. As there is no reliable information in literature on bending stiffness data, a measuring procedure has been elaborated that is based on analysis of frequencies of overtones and the mathematical model of a vibrating string. Gained bending stiffness data opens the door to further quantitative investigations to reduce inharmonicity and improve sound generation methods of digital pianos.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

Petra Szakonyi Emese Mako

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2121-2128

Description:

Road traffic crashes result from a combination of factors related to the road layout, the vehicles, the road users and the way they interact. First the main causes of pedestrian fatalities and the safety effects of road measures (traffic lights, roundabouts and refuge islands) at pedestrian crossings before and after implementation were investigated. The results indicate that there is a strong evidence for the positive effect of these measures especially on the number of the pedestrian related accidents. In the next phase a site survey was conducted in order to estimate the irregular crossing manoeuvres of car drivers and pedestrians at designated pedestrian crossings. Having analysed the irregular movements according to the type of crossing it was found, that car drivers behave the most irregularly at crossings without a refuge island. Crossings equipped with flashing yellow lights, refuge islands and traffic lights require a much more appropriate behaviour from car drivers. In the next phase of the research the waiting time of pedestrians and the delay of vehicle drivers again at pedestrian crossings were surveyed. Our results suggest that there is a need for a strong contribution of the human and the engineering fields to obtain an even more positive change in the safety of vulnerable road users.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.227

Features of segment winded PMSM for a low voltage supply system

I. Szenasy Z. Varga B. Kollar

Publication Name: 2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft Railway Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles and International Transportation Electrification Conference Esars Itec 2016

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents a symmetric winded PMSM which is connected by all in part coil to a supply system at low voltage of 48-100 V DC, developed by Research Center of Vehicle Industry in Szechenyi University. It has several benefits of this winding system its separate supply. The motor construction is slightly different from the general constructions; its running and control are different but on the whole offers new availabilities and prosperous solutions as well as electrical motor features. The paper presents some results of investigations mainly in the control for this divided kind of PMSM which was patented in 2014.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2016.7841327

The measurement of social capacity / deficit in the regions of the Scandinavian and Visegrad countries

Jenő Zsolt Farkas Róbert Péter Bódi Ferenc

Publication Name: Teruleti Statisztika

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 56

Issue: 2

Page Range: 158-182

Description:

The focus of the research was to measure and compare social capacity and anomie between four Scandinavian states (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) and four post-socialist countries (the Visegrad Group: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) in order to analyze similarities and differences. The analysis was conducted utilizing both micro and macro approaches. Four new complex indicators were developed from the social well-being module of the 2012 6. ESS survey. These new complex indicators were used to measure the quality of the society, the quality of life and subjective wellbeing. Macro level analysis consisted of indicators from the database of Eurostat Regions and the 2011 Census that are most used in professional literature. The characteristics of each country then the features of the regions (60 NUTS2 field units) were analyzed using data obtained from micro level surveys utilizing the newly created complex indicators. Following this step, a regional analysis of the aforementioned macro level indicators was completed. The results of these two levels of analysis were compared cross-nationally and regionally. Significant differences were found between the Scandinavian group and the Visegrad group revealing underlying connections supporting the results of other European studies. Namely that the 2008 crisis with respect to subjective well being created far more trauma for individuals in countries with a weak social safety net. The analysis also demonstrated that using complex indicators as well as both a micro and macro approach complement each other bringing about an understanding of nuances and subtle differences not found in singular approaches thus creating a more accurate assessment of the status of the society.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/TS560204

Getting an Insight into the Effects of Traffic Calming Measures on Road Safety

Csaba Koren Mattias Juhász

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 3811-3820

Description:

The objective of this paper is to assess the significance of urban traffic calming and to get an insight into the safety impacts of local and area-wide traffic calming interventions enabling a better understanding and therefore 'better-informed' decisions on different schemes. Safety effects of traffic calming initiatives have been analysed on a city-level for larger Hungarian cities and an in-depth research has also been carried out for a more detailed case from the capital of Hungary. Results show that traffic calming initiatives have a very significant role in enhancing road safety of urban areas. Meanwhile the case study of Budapest explains observed effects in detail allowing for more accurate appraisal tools to be developed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.466

Breaking and Making Constitutional Rules: The Constitutional Effects of the Financial Crisis in Hungary

Zoltán Szente

Publication Name: Constitutions in the Global Financial Crisis A Comparative Analysis

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 245-262

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4324/9781315573571-14

Sound of vision - Spatial audio output and sonification approaches

Runar Unnthorsson Michal Bujacz Alin Moldoveanu Gabriel Ivanica Adam B. Csapo Simone Spagnol Charalampos Saitis Omar I. Johannesson Karol Kropidlowski Piotr Witek Mikolai Rotnicki György Wersényi

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 9759

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 202-209

Description:

The paper summarizes a number of audio-related studies conducted by the Sound of Vision consortium, which focuses on the construction of a new prototype electronic travel aid for the blind. Different solutions for spatial audio were compared by testing sound localization accuracy in a number of setups, comparing plain stereo panning with generic and individual HRTFs, as well as testing different types of stereo headphones vs custom designed quadrophonic proximaural headphones. A number of proposed sonification approaches were tested by sighted and blind volunteers for accuracy and efficiency in representing simple virtual environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41267-2_28

Invariance conditions for nonlinear dynamical systems

Yunfei Song Tamás Terlaky Zoltán Horváth

Publication Name: Springer Optimization and Its Applications

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 115

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 265-280

Description:

Recently,Horváth et al. (Appl Math Comput,submitted) proposed a novel unified approach to study,i.e.,invariance conditions,sufficient and necessary conditions,under which some convex sets are invariant sets for linear dynamical systems. In this paper,by utilizing analogous methodology,we generalize the results for nonlinear dynamical systems. First,the Theorems of Alternatives,i.e.,the nonlinear Farkas lemma and the S-lemma,together with Nagumo’s Theorem are utilized to derive invariance conditions for discrete and continuous systems. Only standard assumptions are needed to establish invariance of broadly used convex sets,including polyhedral and ellipsoidal sets. Second,we establish an optimization framework to computationally verify the derived invariance conditions. Finally,we derive analogous invariance conditions without any conditions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42056-1_8