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Found 6289 publications
Assessing leadership in hybrid work: developing a comprehensive framework for leader-follower dynamics
Publication Name: Human Resource Development International
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The rise of hybrid work environments has fundamentally altered leadership dynamics, challenging traditional models of leader-follower interactions, feedback mechanisms, and employee development. Existing leadership assessment tools, such as the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Questionnaire, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) were developed for either fully in-person or fully remote settings, leaving critical gaps in understanding leadership effectiveness when asynchronous communication and fragmented relational contexts are present. Our conceptual paper addresses the limitations of these traditional instruments in capturing hybrid leader behaviours. Drawing from transdisciplinary research in organisational behaviour, psychology, and leadership studies, we propose the ALIGN Questionnaire as a novel conceptual and measurement framework tailored to hybrid working environments. The questionnaire integrates validated elements from existing leadership scales while incorporating hybrid-specific constructs (like one-to-one meeting design, leader availability across modalities or interaction frequency) essential for HRD outcomes. By operationalising these underexplored dimensions, our framework provides a more nuanced evaluation of leadership effectiveness. This tool is designed to support HRD professionals and oragnizations in identifying potential disparities, refining leadership development strategies, and supporting equitable inclustion policies in hybrid settings. As a timely and context-specific approach to advancing leadership assessment, it helps organisational practices remain relevant in contemporary hybrid realities.
Open Access: Yes
Sensitivity analysis of tooth microgeometric modifications on vibroacoustic behaviour in helical gears with harmonically distributed variations
Publication Name: Journal of Physics Conference Series
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 3190
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The virtual acoustic testing of gear drives has gained growing importance. Fundamentally, the transmission error (TE) is predicted, since it directly affects the vibration and noise characteristics. In this study, the effect of the harmonically distributed tooth microgeometric variations on the TE is investigated via elastic multibody simulations of a helical gear pair. The sensitivity analysis focused on the tip relief, the root relief and the barrelling. The model considered different degrees of linear-, quadratic- and cubic-harmonically distributed variations. The results showed that barrelling with quadratic harmonic micro-geometry had the most significant effect on TE. In addition, if harmonic distributions accidentally coincide in the pairing of the gears, the TE is significantly amplified, leading to a pronounced excitation of the system dynamics.
Open Access: Yes
Optically controlled microstrip transmission line for slow wave propagation
Publication Name: International Journal of Modern Physics C
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This paper investigates the utilization of optical control in diverse planar devices, focusing on the Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) microstrip transmission line on a semiconductor substrate as a specific example. Optical illumination induces intriguing e®ects in this structure, wherein the metal layer can serve as a transparent conductive oxide when illuminated. The MIS interconnect, crucial in modern high-speed Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits, has undergone extensive scrutiny regarding Electromagnetic (EM) wave behavior using various analytical approaches. Controlling wave propagation and manipulating MIS-type planar transmission lines enable the design of delay lines, phase shifters, filters, etc. Energy dissipation in MIS-layer-type transmission lines is also explored due to its significant impact on interconnect design. This paper employs theoretical and experimental models to analyze MIS line characteristics and performance. Optical control presents opportunities to enhance planar device functionality and e±ciency, particularly in MIS microstrip transmission lines, driving advancements in high-speed VLSI circuits and fostering innovative applications across industries.
Open Access: Yes
Environmental Impact Analysis of Historic Buildings, Literature Review
Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 796 LNCE
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 596-606
Description:
The research examined the environmental impact of listed and unlisted buildings from different periods. Compliance with strict standards encourages professionals and researchers to improve the environmental impact of buildings by examining the root causes of problems in more depth, which requires understanding and analysing the entire life cycle of buildings. People’s attitudes have changed, both in terms of raw materials and energy consumption. The article is a literature review of research published in recent years in the field of environmental impact assessment of historic (and in some cases younger) buildings. It analyses and summarizes the questions that researchers sought answers to, the methods they applied, the data and databases they used, the calculations they performed and the results they achieved. When collecting the analysed sources (research articles), the goal was to find sources presenting a large number of case studies. The case studies were classified according to geographical location; the historical age of the buildings and, in this context, the materials and structures used; the extent of the expansions, transformations and modernizations carried out. The literature review provides insight into the current state of science on how to quantify the value of historic buildings. Based on the experiences gained, it is also possible to formulate and conduct a domestic research. The article contributes to a deeper understanding of the calculation of the environmental impacts of historic buildings, which can help in compliance with legislation, energy and environmental requirements, and in the protection of existing buildings.
Open Access: Yes
Sensitivity Analysis of SAC 305 Solder Polycrystal Mechanical Parameters and Predicted Fatigue Lifetime with Different Grain Structures
Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The microstructural behaviours of solder joints during thermomechanical stresses are still not fully understood, and the thermomechanical reliability of solder joints remains a research area for scientists. In many cases, the solder material is modelled as a homogeneous material in Finite Element-based lifetime estimation calculations, while the microstructural effects are neglected. The development of virtual lifetime estimation methods is required; these methods should involve grain structure and therefore provide accurate results for a variety of test cases under thermomechanical loading. This paper presents a meso-scale analysis of lead-free SAC305 solder polycrystals using DAMASK modelling of the grain structure of the solder material and emulating mechanical loading while investigating the mechanical response of the polycrystal. Our finding is that the orientations and grain sizes of the solder polycrystal have significant effects on the mechanical parameters, and these microstructural parameters could not be neglected, because the impact of these also has a very relevant impact on the estimated lifetimes.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/app16020704
Changes in antibiotic use in Hungarian large pig farms between 2022 and 2024
Publication Name: Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 148
Issue: 3
Page Range: 131-148
Description:
Background: The intensification of pig production systems has been associated with increased antimicrobial use (AMU), which remains a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and a major concern for both veterinary and public health sectors. Monitoring and rationalizing antibiotic usage are crucial to prevent the selection of resistant bacterial strains that pose risks to both animal and public health. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the structure and magnitude of antibiotic use as well as related reduction strategies, in three large-scale Hungarian swine herds, based on farm data recorded between January 2022 and June 2024. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a digital herd health monitoring system covering monthly animal health cases and antibiotic usage. Antibiotic use was evaluated by AMEG classification, active ingredient groups, route of administration (e.g. water, feed, injection), treatment type (therapeutic vs. metaphylactic) and age group (e.g. sows, weaners, fatteners). Quantitative indicators included total mass (mg) and mg/PCU values. Results and Discussion: Antibiotic use declined during the study period, particularly in weaned pigs by 87.6% (corrected mg/PCU: from 341.70 to 42.35). The most frequent clinical problems on the examined farms were enteric and respiratory disorders as well as arthritis. Drinking water medication remained dominant (93.8%), though individual treatments increased in frequency. In 2023, a major shift occurred toward targeted therapeutic use (83.7%) over metaphylaxis (16.3%). The increased proportion of AMEG C category antibiotics and reduced use of AMEG D category substances indicate changing prescribing patterns. Regular treatment logs, vaccination protocols, sensitivity testing and the use of organic acids and probiotics may contribute to a more prudent antibiotic approach. These results confirm the importance of diagnostics-driven treatment and farm-specific interventions in AMR mitigation.
Open Access: Yes
NET ZERO TRANSITION TOWARDS DECARBONIZATION IN CONTEXT OF ENERGY SECTOR
Publication Name: Economics Innovative and Economics Research Journal
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page Range: 483-514
Description:
The study provides an identification and analysis of potential enablers that facilitate transition towards net zero in the energy sector through Multi Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework. The identified enablers and causal relationships between them in terms of decarbonization initiatives are studied using the DEMATEL method and combining trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The research design involves an overarching review of thirteen potential enablers to net zero transition within the energy sector, in order of their impact and causality. Top-ranked enablers that would have the greatest impact in achieving the energy transition were carbon pricing mechanisms, waste-to-energy conversion, decentralized energy systems and circular procurement policies. The research indicates that the enablers show causal pathways that are interconnected and can take place as both causes and effects in the decarbonization framework. Application of DEMATEL method using TFNs increases the strength of causal relationship derivation. The study adds to the literature on enabling net zero transition in energy and highlights the importance of a conceptual approach involving a combination of policy, technology and principles of the circular economy. Such lessons can guide policy makers, industry players and academics in planning and speeding up the process to sustainable energy systems and world climate targets.
Open Access: Yes
An examination of environmental disclosure practices in the non-profit sector: do UK NGOs walk the green talk?
Publication Name: Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting and Financial Management
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1-28
Description:
Purpose – Drawing on legitimacy theory, this study examines whether UK NGOs have improved the quality and quantity of their environmental disclosures over a decade, in line with societal expectations for transparency and accountability. Design/methodology/approach – We conducted a manual content analysis of annual reports from 35 leading UK NGOs, comparing environmental disclosures from 2013 to 2023. Drawing on established literature, we identified relevant keywords to assess disclosure quality. Consistent with prior studies, disclosure quality was coded into four categories: narrative (NAR), numerical (NUM), policy/targets (P/T) and operational activities (OA). Each disclosure was further classified as internally or externally oriented. To evaluate changes over time, we applied t-tests to examine the statistical significance of variations in disclosure patterns. The analysis compared hand-collected data from 2013 with matched data from 2023. This approach enabled a robust assessment of periodic shifts in environmental reporting practices within the UK NGO sector. Findings – Results show a significant increase in both the volume and quality of environmental disclosures over time. Numerical and operational disclosures, deemed to be of higher quality, rose more than narrative and policy disclosures. Internal-facing disclosures also grew to a higher degree, compared to external-facing, highlighting NGOs' commitment to organisational environmental accountability. Originality/value – This study provides the first evidence that over the passage of time, NGOs, like publicly listed firms, are adopting high-quality environmental reporting practices. It advances legitimacy theory and contributes to the understanding of NGO accountability.
Open Access: Yes
Multi robot task assignment with decision analysis and circular q-Rung orthopair fuzzy Schweizer-Sklar T-norms
Publication Name: Journal of Umm Al Qura University for Applied Sciences
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
A multi-robotic task assignment and decision analysis system refers to an advanced framework in robotics and artificial intelligence where multiple robots are coordinated to perform a set of tasks efficiently and intelligently. This article designs innovative approaches to fix uncertainty during task allocation in a multi-robotic system under a hybrid fuzzy framework and decision-making models. To achieve this goal, we expose a modified theory of circular q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Crq-ROFS), which is a broader framework of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets. We formulated feasible operations of Schweizer-Sklar t-norm and t-conorm in light of circular information about q-rug orthopair fuzzy (Crq-ROF). We also delved into a family of mathematical approaches of Schweizer-Sklar t-norm and t-conorm, namely, Crq-ROF Schweizer-Sklar weighted average (Crq-ROFSSWA) and Crq-ROF Schweizer-Sklar weighted geometric (Crq-ROFSSWG) operators with dominant propositions. The theory of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem offers authentic and reliable solutions by aggregating human judgment. An experimental case study discussed evaluating an ideal solution under consideration of multi-criteria or attribute information. A comparison method is conducted to showcase the reliability and effectiveness of the pioneering approaches with existing approaches.
Open Access: Yes
