P. Karácsony
25825158100
Publications - 12
ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: A COMPARISON OF THREE ASEAN COUNTRIES
Publication Name: Transformations in Business and Economics
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page Range: 345-361
Description:
Socio-economic issues, including inflation, business volatility, overcrowding, poverty, begging, and falling living conditions, are getting worse and worse every day in the modern day. Unemployment is one of the most hazardous and debilitating issues for any economy among such unfathomable issues. Unemployment is a term often used in macroeconomics to refer to the state of people of working age who have full working capacity and need to find a job but do not yet have one. The unemployment rate is an indicator that affects the economic development of a country, and governments often have to have the most effective unemployment rate management policies. The study focuses on inflation factors, including wages, economic growth, and education. Each country has different effects of the above factors on the unemployment rate. This study shows different conclusions across countries. For the overall population, through the analysis of a sample of all three countries, wage and education have a negative impact on the unemployment rate. This is essentially consistent with many other studies where an increase in wages leads to more workers entering the labour force. The studied countries are all major economies in Asia. For a country with a high growth rate like Vietnam, drivers such as increasing wages or boosting education clearly increase job opportunities and simultaneously reduce unemployment.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
Analysis of Hungarian consumers' food consumption and wastage patterns in times of the crisis
Publication Name: Ukrainian Food Journal
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Page Range: 192-209
Description:
Introduction. The present research studies the extent to which recent crises have affected the food purchasing habits of Hungarian consumers and whether the financial difficulties caused by the crisis have changed their food wastage patterns. Materials and methods. The research method was a questionnaire survey, and the authors evaluated the data based on the opinions of a total of 798 respondents. The evaluation was carried out using SPSS version 28 and Smart PLS software. Results and discussion. The results showed that the current economic crises have a significant impact on the purchasing habits of the Hungarian consumers surveyed and the amount of food they buy. During a crisis, Hungarian consumers are more conscious and buy less. Consumers are less optimistic about the future (mean: 3.00 standard deviation: 1.248). The study shows that optimism has no effect on whether they waste food. Anxiety has a strong effect on perceptions of crisis and wastage. The study also shows that Hungarian consumers are not satisfied with the way the economic crisis is being handled (mean: 2.29, standard deviation: 1.185). The responses also show that consumers surveyed are typically careful about how much they buy (mean: 3.70, standard deviation: 1.113), what they put away and what they throw away. More conscious thinking about waste and consumption is well outlined (mean 3.62, standard deviation 1.205). Less food is thrown away, with 18.7% of respondents never throwing away food waste and one in five respondents buying only as much food as they can afford to take away. When food is left over, around 18% of survey respondents compost the leftovers. However, there was no difference in the extent to which those affected by economic impacts abandoned their previous consumption habits or stuck to their previous lifestyle. Conclusion. Wastage is affected by the experience of the crisis and a sense of uncertainty about the future. Similarly, the experience of the crisis is influenced by our knowledge of eating habits and our environmental awareness.
Open Access: Yes
EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE TO ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Publication Name: E A M Ekonomie A Management
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 1
Page Range: 94-110
Description:
The crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic affects the daily operation of organisations, which also brings changes in the life of their workforce. Managing organisational change has been a significant challenge for organisations for several decades. The aim of the research is to assess the behaviour of affected employees toward organisational change. It is examined how different groups of employee’s experience change in general and what they think about organisational change. Furthermore, it is explored whether employees understand the motivation behind the change and how does the change impact their organisation. To answer the research questions, a comprehensive questionnaire survey of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hungary was conducted in autumn 2021. The suitability of the application of factor analysis evaluating the dependence of selected areas of the questionnaire was supported by Barlett test a Cronbach’s alfa coefficient. For individual hypotheses two-sample t-test, contingency table analysis, and Pearson’s Chi-squared test, were applied. The evaluation of the 215 questionnaires shows that the behaviour of employees toward organisational changes is different. The difference in attitudes to the benefit of organizational change for employees were identified, but not for enterprise. Furthermore, the difference in attitudes between employees who have undergone organizational change in the enterprise and those who have not undergone organizational change, were identified too. It is interesting that contingency between the extent to which managers play a role in change and the well-executed nature of change were detected. The practical usage of the research can be helpful for SME management, especially in the HR field. The management can consider that employees may be afraid of the changes if they are ahead of them, but if the change is handled well, people will think positively of it.
Open Access: Yes
The Impact of the Multicultural Education on Students’ Attitudes in Business Higher Education Institutions
Publication Name: Education Sciences
Publication Date: 2022-03-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The research aims to assess the cultural diversity of international students studying in higher education institutions. The results of the research provide an overview of the attitude of students studying in institutions of higher education to learning, the factors influencing their studies, and their expectations for their studies abroad. One type of quantitative research method, the questionnaire, was chosen for the primary research. The research results reflect the perspectives of students from different cultural backgrounds in institutions of higher education and focus on the phenomena and situations they experience. Following the hypothesis test results, an outcome can be seen that students believe that their studies in higher education provide a good foundation for their personal development. The results also confirmed that learning in a multicultural environment could positively affect students’ working abilities.
Open Access: Yes
Impact of the crisis caused by the coronavirus on Hungarian consumer behavior related to food purchases
Publication Name: Ukrainian Food Journal
Publication Date: 2022-01-01
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page Range: 315-330
Description:
Introduction. Due to the worldwide coronavirus epidemic, models of consumer behaviour related to the purchase of food need to be revised. Materials and methods. An empirical study was conducted with a questionnaire survey. The research took place in Hungary in the summer of 2020, involving 724 consumers. Results and discussion. A high percentage of consumers in Hungary reacted to the coronavirus crisis by panic buying. The consumption of healthier foods has spread in connection with the coronavirus crisis, and that the demand of Hungarian consumers for dairy products has also increased. Furthermore, there are differences between the products consumed by panic buyers and normal shoppers. The results showed those who were not afraid of the coronavirus paid less attention to their eating habits (Pearson's correlation: - 0.119, sign.:0.01). Some 59.9% of respondents said that it was worth storing large quantities of food because of the coronavirus epidemic. Females and males did not differ on this issue (Chi-square 0.160, df: 2, sign.:0.923, p≥0.05). Correlation tests showed that for dairy purchases, butter, cheese, fruit yoghurt and sour cream were significantly correlated with each other. By age, respondents aged 40–60 bought the most dairy products, while consumers aged 30 bought the least. Conclusion. The coronavirus pandemic has seriously affected not only the global economy, but also the daily life of the world's population. Negative consequences were also reflected in the attitude to the purchase of food and there were significant changes in the composition of consumed products.
Open Access: Yes
The coronavirus’s effect on the decisions and habits of food purchases in Hungary
Publication Name: Journal of International Studies
Publication Date: 2022-01-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page Range: 149-167
Description:
This article was inspired by current events. The shopping craze generated by the coronavirus pandemic raised some questions that this article aims to answer by analysing a variety of suppositions. The coronavirus pandemic caused panic shopping amongst consumers, whose motivation for increasing the volumes of shopping revolved around ensuring a safety margin of groceries while also reducing the number of shopping trips. The consumers did most of their shopping in hyper, and supermarkets, as well as in bigger ABCs and grocery stores (Lidl), where there’s a wider range of products and larger stock. The average consumer bought much more than the basic groceries during this period. Our research started in March 2020 and ended in May 2020. To validate our assumptions, primary information is derived from the statistical processing of a large number of data from a representative questionnaire survey of 724 respondents. The results show that for many people this period was about stockpiling storages of groceries. Flour saw the biggest increase in purchase volumes, but chicken and pastas were also amongst the more popular items. Stores with the biggest range of selection were able to satisfy this demand. As evidenced by data, consumers also purchased items, which are needed for any household during an emergency and are easy to store in higher volumes. These items include different oils and fats, which are required for cooking, and non-perishables, such as salamis, canned foods, rice and mineral water.
Open Access: Yes
Analysis of cross-border commuters’ spatial mobility between western regions of Hungary and Slovakia
Publication Name: Geographia Technica
Publication Date: 2021-03-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Page Range: 128-140
Description:
Commuting, defined as daily traveling for employment purposes, has gradually grown in importance in the past decades in Eastern European countries. According to Eurostat, although the freedom of movement may have encouraged cross-border commuting in the EU, it accounted just for 0.9% of the EU-28 workforce. Between the highest number of cross-border commuters, we can find Slovakian (147 thousand), and Hungarian (111 thousand) workers. We chose this topic because there has been a significant increase in the willingness to commute for economic reasons in recent years, and we want to explore the reasons of this. In the case of both examined countries, the inhabitants of the western regions are characterized by high willingness for cross-border commuting. Due to this reason, in own research, we conducted a questionnaire survey in the western regions of Hungary and Slovakia. The results indicate that there are similarities between Hungarian and Slovakian commuters. The regression analysis clearly showed that commuter satisfaction is most affected by the variety of jobs offered and the level of wages.
Open Access: Yes
Hungarian experiences of the transition from traditional work to telework1
Publication Name: Transformations in Business and Economics
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Page Range: 168-182
Description:
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has radically transformed people’s daily lives since the spring of 2020. In addition to the direct health consequences of the virus, the epidemic has had a significant impact on the functioning of society, people’s lifestyles and has also had a fundamental impact on the world of work. The year 2020 marked a breakthrough in the spread of telework and “home office” work in Hungary, as this form of work was one of the necessary tools in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic in order to reduce the number of personal contacts. Both employers and the masses of employees were able to experience the pros and cons of this. This period can be therefore considered as the main challenge of teleworking and working from home, which is undoubtedly caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. The research aims to answer the question of the impact of telework on the daily lives of Hungarian workers. In international comparison, the proportion of teleworkers in Hungary was low before the pandemic. As a result, a great many have experienced a drastic transition from traditional work to teleworking. The given questionnaire survey also confirmed that a significant proportion of employees had difficulties with teleworking at the beginning of the transition. These difficulties were mainly due to the fact that they were not technically prepared and that their daily routine, which they had become accustomed to in their traditional work, had been changed.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
Attitudes of z generation to job searching through social media
Publication Name: Economics and Sociology
Publication Date: 2020-01-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page Range: 227-240
Description:
Social media is a relatively new player in the online labour market, with an increasingly important role among the younger generation. The aim of this research was to assess the job search habits and opinions of young people, particularly university students. The survey was conducted on the students in Austria and Hungary via e-mail and social media in March 2020. In analysing the results, we look at what today's younger generation is focusing on when looking for a job, and how companies adapt to the new situation that has been brought about by the widespread use of social media. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in online job search among “Generation Z”. As the survey shows, Generation Z prefers online job search over older methods just as they spend a huge portion of their free time on social media platforms. The data shows that while traditional types of recruitment such as newspaper advertising are on the decline, the function of social media is no longer simply immersed in entertainment and chat, but also spread actively on recruitment and human resources management.
Open Access: Yes
Examining the relationship between workplace stress and organizational commitment
Publication Name: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
Publication Date: 2019-05-24
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 26-30
Description:
Nowadays, labor markets are fighting with labor shortages, leading to a growing challenge for organizations to retain their staff. Leaders have to face many job challenges, such as workplace stress. Workplace stress is a result of the interaction between a person and their work environment. Increasingly common workplace stress could be a cause for concern, as it may have a significant economic impact on the organization. Long-term work stress can cause the workers to lose their commitment to the organization. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between workplace stress and employee commitment through the example of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises. As a research method, I chose a questionnaire survey which included both open and closed-type issues. While evaluating the questionnaires, I found that there is a strong correlation between workplace stress and employee commitment. Moreover, in addition to occupational stress having a negative effect on organizational commitment, it also has a negative effect on work performance. My research shows that the managers of the examined organizations largely know of workplace stress, and have the professional knowledge to handle the problems.
Open Access: Yes
When herbicides don't really matter: Weed species composition of oil pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) fields in Hungary
Publication Name: Crop Protection
Publication Date: 2018-08-01
Volume: 110
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 236-244
Description:
Oil pumpkin is a major emerging alternative crop with several unresolved weed management questions in central-eastern Europe, one of the focal regions of oil pumpkin production worldwide. This study aims to assess the importance of three groups of factors: environment, non-chemical management (all management excluding herbicides), and chemical weed management, in determining the weed species composition of oil pumpkin crops in Hungary. We surveyed the weed flora of 180 oil pumpkin fields across the country, along with 32 background variables. Applying a minimal adequate model consisting of 18 terms with significant net effects, 30.8% of the total variation in weed species data could be explained. Most variation in species composition was determined by environmental factors, with climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature) being most influential. The net effects of seven non-chemical management variables (preceding crop, N and P fertilisers, seeding rate, crop cover, cultivating tillage, and manual weed control), and two herbicides (S-metolachlor and linuron) were also significant. Variation partitioning demonstrated the dominance of environmental factors, and it also showed that non-chemical management practices accounted for five times more variance than herbicides. Within non-chemical management, the relative impact of cultural variables was nearly five times larger than that of mechanical weed management. Among the abundant weeds, Chenopodium polyspermum and Ambrosia artemisiifolia were positively associated with precipitation, Datura stramonium and Hibiscus trionum correlated with higher temperature, and Chenopodium album favoured larger potassium content of the soil. High seeding rate and crop cover suppressed Amaranthus retroflexus, cultivating tillage reduced Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Setaria pumila, while conspicuous tall weeds like Abutilon theophrasti and Chenopodium album were most vulnerable to manual weed control. Although the short stature of pumpkin with its poor weed-suppressive ability could unfavourably influence the results of some cultural practices, our findings suggest that the weed vegetation of oil pumpkin fields can be efficiently managed also with environmentally benign methods.
Open Access: Yes
Weed species composition of conventional soyabean crops in Hungary is determined by environmental, cultural, weed management and site variables
Publication Name: Weed Research
Publication Date: 2016-12-01
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Page Range: 470-481
Description:
The goal of this study was to identify factors determining weed species composition in soyabean crops in Hungary, where its expanding production faces difficult weed problems. The abundance of weed flora was measured in 262 fields across the country, along with 38 background variables. Using a minimal adequate model containing 24 terms with significant net effects, 21.6% of the total variation in weed species data could be explained. Plot location (edge vs core position, the single site variable in our analysis) was found to be the most important explanatory variable that was followed by a set of environmental (temperature, precipitation, altitude, soil texture, pH, Ca, K, Na and humus content), cultural (cultivar maturity, organic manure, fertiliser P and N, row spacing) and weed management (flumioxazin, pendimethalin, dimethenamid, propaquizafop, bentazone, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-tefuril, linuron, thifensulfuron) factors. Variation partitioning revealed that environmental variables accounted for about four times more variance than cultural and about two and half times more than weed management variables. Chenopodium album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Hibiscus trionum, Echinochloa crus-galli and Convolvulus arvensis were the most dominant and frequent weeds, but their abundance was influenced by different factors. The responses of weed species to the studied variables provide new information about their ecological behaviour, and our findings also can be used to develop better weed management strategies.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.1111/wre.12225
