Gabriella Iván

55177896300

Publications - 7

Where Do Pedestrians Look, When Crossing Suburban Railway Lines with Right- and Left-Hand Traffic?

Gabriella Iván Csaba Koren Bayasgalan Nemekh

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 107-119

Description:

We have learned from childhood on, that before crossing a street, first we must look left, then to right. This is related with the right-hand traffic system of cars. The research question in this paper is: how we behave in an unfamiliar situation, when crossing left-hand traffic. In Budapest, four of the five suburban railway lines operate with right-hand traffic, but one of them works in the left-hand system. The aim of this article is to investigate the behavior of pedestrians in level crossings with right- and left-hand railway traffic and to reveal any differences between their behavior, as well as the safety of these lines. The main findings are that pedestrians look at the “built-in” left-right order, even it is not the safest option. Parallelly, accident data show worse safety situation of the line with left-hand traffic. As conclusion, some low-cost infrastructure measures are recommended.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_11

Can people recognize more than six road categories?

Gabriella Iván Csaba Koren Attila Borsos

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: 207-222

Description:

The importance of human factors, in road design and traffic safety, has been increasing recently. As part of the human-centered design, schemata, as mental representations, induce road user expectations, as well as, trigger behavioral patterns. In road design this concept is called “self-explaining roads”, meaning that road users automatically drive according to an expected behavior and speed. This requires different categories of roads, each with homogenous characteristics and a notable difference between them. This paper investigates how many unique categories road users are able to recognize.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.6.2019.6.13

Recognition of built-up and non-built-up areas from road scenes

Gabriella Iván Csaba Koren Attila Borsos

Publication Name: European Transport Research Review

Publication Date: 2016-06-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Purpose: In many cases, it does not follow from the road design, whether the given scene is within or outside the posted built-up area. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate road scenes, how far they can be considered being of built-up and non-built-up nature, as well as to identify road scenes which are ambiguous and therefore less safe. Methods: Two methods were used to assess the degree of unambiguous or ambiguous nature of road scenes. In the first approach, a survey of requested speeds at various road scenes was performed with 500 respondents. Here clearly non-built-up and built-up sites, as well as unclear sites were compared. In the second method, the recognition process of drivers was simulated by an image classification software. The classifier was trained by 100 clearly built-up and 100 non-built-up pictures. Four test runs followed, each using 200 pictures from different roads. Results: From the speed choice study, results have shown that in unclear situations (e.g. transition between built-up and non-built-up areas) the standard deviation of chosen speeds is higher than in unambiguous situations. In the image classification study the trained classifier worked well for road scenes which are definitely of built-up or non-built-up nature. Furthermore, as expected, for unclear situations, the classifier gave uncertain classifications. Conclusions: Each of the two methods produces an output indicator, the standard deviation of speeds and the certainty score, respectively. Both indicators can serve to identify road scenes leading to uncertain and therefore risky situations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s12544-016-0205-9

Distinction of road categories by road users compared to road classification in design guidelines

Gabriella Iván

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2014-12-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Page Range: 23-34

Description:

On self-explaining roads drivers automatically drive according to the expected behavior and speed. In order to create this type of roads, within a given road category the layout should be homogenous, whereas a remarkable difference should exist between road categories. Using a sample of 500 persons, the paper analyses, which road categories are identified and distinguished by road users. A picture sorting task was completed to find out how road users group 45 different road scenes, and how these groups correspond to the road categories according to current standards. In addition, an analysis of a questionnaire survey was used to determine how individual road scene images are grouped on the basis of chosen speeds, and how this grouping corresponds to road categories. For processing of speed data, cluster analysis was used. The result of both surveys show that road users can clearly distinguish only 4-5 road categories. The paper compares these results with the design guidelines of some countries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.9.2014.3.3

Assessing uncertainty of driver's distinguishing between built-up and nonbuilt up areas

Gabriella Iván

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2013-08-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: 87-96

Description:

The safe speeds and also the general speed limits are quite different outside and within built-up areas. If it does not follow from the road design, whether the given scene is within or outside built-up area, drivers are uncertain about their appropriate speed.This paper shows two approaches to assess the degree of uncertainty of the drivers. The first was a questionnaire survey of requested speeds at various road scenes. In the second method, the recognition process of drivers was simulated by image classification software.Output indicators of these methods (standard deviation of speeds and certainty score) can serve as tools to identify road scenes and road elements leading to uncertain and therefore risky situations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.8.2013.2.10

Survey of free speeds on rural roads based on road scene photographs

Gabriella Iván

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2012-04-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Page Range: 65-74

Description:

In Hungary since 2008 some roads operate with posted speed limits, which are higher than the general 90 kmph outside urban areas. The goal of the current study was to explore how well road users can recognize various types of roads. The results show on one hand that on the usual road categories like motorways and normal two-lane primary roads the speed choice is clear for road users, i.e. these roads are self-explaining. On the other hand, there are also road categories, which are not self-explaining and therefore road users have difficulties to choose the appropriate speeds.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.7.2012.1.6

Recognition of road types and speed choice

Gabriella Iván Csaba Koren Attila Borsos

Publication Name: 6th IEEE Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2015 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2016-01-25

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 343-347

Description:

This paper outlines the recognition process of road types and its influence on speed choice. The appearance and spreading of the term "cognitive infocommunications" led the authors to rethink some of their earlier work from the cognitive perspective. In order to assess the recognition of road types and speed choice a picture sorting exercise and an on-line speed choice survey was completed. Limitations and extensions of the method are also considered.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2015.7390616