This manuscript delineates a thorough study on the heat and mass transfer phenomenon of the Williamson fluid flow embedded with a tetra-hybrid nanofluid evaluating a wide range of considered and physical effects such as magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous medium, radiative heat flux, Joule heating, Soret and Dufour effects, and a Stefan blowing parameter at the boundary, and the rest. A tetra-hybrid nanofluid containing nanofluid gold (Au), silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) is used for the improvement of significant thermal and mass transport characteristics. In the back, the demand for efficient thermal systems relates to sets with multiple, integrated transport mechanisms; however, the synergistic transport mechanisms have been largely unexplored, and the coupled hybrid advanced dimensions nanofluids have been unexplored in terms of their combined influences on these parameters. The core target was to examine the active relationships within the physical dynamics parameters while also evaluating the relative increases in the velocity, temperature, and concentration. This paper employs a robust computational approach to the study by solving the governing systems of non-linear ordinary differential equations using an appropriate method of similarity transformation and subsequent numerical techniques. The integration of artificial neural network (ANN) models within this spectrum for the first time, with predictions and optimization set for the outputs, adds a new dimension to this work. The data show that incorporating Soret and Dufour effects, along with the tetra-hybrid nanoparticles, markedly increases the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, indicating improved heat and mass transfer rates. Furthermore, streamline plots are created to illustrate alterations in the flow structure induced by the Soret and Dufour parameters. This research makes valuable contributions to the development of refined cooling technologies, particularly in energy, chemical, and other process-oriented industries, highlighting the practical utility and innovation potential of the synergistic application of artificial neural networks alongside sophisticated nanofluid models.

The current study demonstrates the intricate thermo-solutal transportation features of a nanofluid experiencing non-linear kinematics as it flows across a rough porous stretched interface. Previous work has typically been limited to smooth geometries, narrow parameter ranges, and few physical intuitions. However, this paper extends the analysis to include surface roughness, porosity effect, nonlinear stretching and essential physical phenomena like effect of magnetic field, Brownian motion special case thermophoresis effect and variable suction/injection. The resulting extension does not only reproduce realistic flow cases, but reveals extremely sensitive solution behaviors that have been completely untouched in the literature. Using scaling transformation approach, the governing non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) for the transport of momentum, energy, and solutal in the transformed independent variables are translated into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical simulation of the above transport equations with ten dimensionless parameters is done using the MATLAB BVP4C (built in solver) approach, which ensures computational stability and high precision across broad parametric domains. Additionally, using an expanded parameter domain revealed previously unknown solution properties. For instance, as the thermophoretic limitation raised, the species concentration rose by 5% and fell by 12%. Additionally, sensitivity was demonstrated by the velocity profiles shifting by 20% in response to a small variation in the slip parameter. Finding the limits at which qualitatively reactions to system modifications and other non-physical solutions arise from the qualitative responses is notably innovative. Such findings will propel the development of more efficient coatings and temperature control techniques, offering helpful advice to greatly improve transportation effectiveness in actual nanofluid applications.

The purpose of this investigation is to explore in depth a duct flow that incorporates the Al2O3/H2O nanofluid while it is subjected to an external field impact. The duct is made up of two opposing fins that are joined to the walls that are opposite each other. The temperature may be considered to be uniform at the cross-sectional plane of the duct. Additionally, the heat flow at the border is not variable. The finite volume approach was chosen because it offers a satisfactory balance between computing efficiency and the accuracy of its solutions. Importantly, our results indicate that the slowness of flow that is caused by increased Rayleigh numbers may be efficiently regulated by introducing an external magnetic field that has been carefully measured. The significance of this study demonstrates how magnetic-field modulation can be strategically employed to control thermal-hydraulic behavior in internally finned duct systems. The results provide valuable guidance for designing advanced cooling channels, energy devices, and thermal management systems where enhanced heat transfer and flow stability are required under magnetic field environments. The installation of an external magnetic field of moderate strength resulted in a drop of about 75 % in both the maximum velocity and temperature across the duct. Further, a jump of approximately 66 % in the average Nusselt number has been brought about by 25 % increase in the fin height. Through the use of this study framework, a link between thermal-hydraulic behavior and the application of magnetic force is established. The involvement of the Lorentz force, which offers resistance to the motion of the fluid by operating in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction in which the fluid is flowing, and the magnetic force, is brought about as a consequence of the magnetic forces. Consequently, it is possible to draw the conclusion that a larger Nusselt number is the result of both a higher Rayleigh number and a higher magnetic parameter.

Purpose: After being motivated by the diverse applications of blood rheology, nanotechnology, magnetic field, chemical reaction, solar radiation, and non-Darcy porous media in nano-industrial, medical, and chemical engineering domains. The current computational study aims to numerically examine the influences of velocity slip, internal thermal generation or absorption, chemical reactions, and thermal radiation on magneto-hydrodynamic blood-based nanofluid flow with thermo-Brownian motion through an extending interface within a high-permeability medium. Furthermore, the sensitive analysis of flow features with respect to the independent flow parameters is considered. Design/methodology/approach: Suitable similarity equations are employed to convert the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations together with their boundary constraints. The NDSolve method in Mathematica 11.0 is employed to numerically analyze the flow model, yielding data for the stream function, velocity profile, frictional force coefficient, temperature profile, concentration profile, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number across several rheological parameters. Main findings: A boundary slip diminishes momentum transmission from the fluid to the surface; when velocity slip escalates, the velocity profile declines. The intensity of the thermal boundary layer escalates with the thermal Grashof number. The temperature distribution is exacerbated by the influence of radiation. As the Brownian parameter grows, the nanofluid temperature intensifies. The chemical reaction parameter substantially affects the enhancement of both skin friction and the Sherwood number. The Nusselt number is enhanced by increasing the thermal Grashof number. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the chemical reaction and concentration Grashof number significantly influence the improvement of rheological properties. Applications: The results of this work are relevant for regulating film thickness, chemical vapour deposition, drug delivery systems, and process optimization.

This study presents the hydrothermal synthesis of hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles with controlled morphological variations, including rhombohedral, irregular, and Nano plate structures. The phase purity and crystallographic structure of the synthesized samples were validated using X-ray diffraction, confirming the successful formation of hematite. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed pronounced differences in particle shape and size, emphasizing the effectiveness of the synthesis method in tailoring morphology. Magnetic properties were systematically investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, demonstrating a clear correlation between nanoparticle morphology and magnetic response. The results collectively show that particle morphology plays a substantial role in determining both the structural and magnetic behavior of hematite nanoparticles. These findings contribute to the rational design and engineering of nanomaterials for advanced technological applications.

The present study investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective flow and transport characteristics of a Carreau hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over a nonlinear stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. The hybrid nanoparticle suspension (Fe3O4 + CoFe2O4 in water) accounts for thermal radiation, activation energy, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and gyrotactic microorganisms. By using similarity variables, the original PDEs describing the process are converted and then solved numerically through an adaptive Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF-45) shooting technique. Findings show that hybrid nanoparticles can be used to increase the heat transfer rate up to 31% and mass transfer approximately by 23%. The magnetic parameter acts to reduce the flow velocity due to Lorentz force, additionally, the radiation parameter and Eckert number upsurge temperature. The Peclet number decreases the distribution of microorganisms while the bioconvective Lewis number promotes their concentration in the region. Dilatant fluids give rise to stronger heat transfer whereas in pseudoplastic fluids their mass diffusion is facilitated more. The results complement well developing thermal management and energy utilization systems.