The investigation of Casson trihybrid nanofluid flow and the heat and mass transfer properties on an inclined cylinder is related to the present study. Such an investigation encompasses the interaction among magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous-medium resistance, heat generation, thermal radiation, and cross-diffusion. The objective is to examine the body's parameters in relation to their influence on the transport process, and to compare water, hybrid nanofluid, and trihybrid nanofluid to establish the magnitude of improvement in thermal and mass transfer. Similarity transformations are then used to simplify the governing partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations, and the results are obtained numerically using bvp4c, an inbuilt MATLAB solver. Previously published investigations and analyses support the model, and it is highly consistent with it. The results reveal that velocity decreases with the MHD Casson parameter, and the curvature parameter enhances the velocity distribution. Trihybrid nanofluids, blending multiple nanoparticles, deliver superior thermal conductivity and stronger convective heat transport than conventional formulations. Casson fluid behaviour and cylinder inclination together enhance mixed convection, while Soret and Dufour effects couple heat and mass transfer through cross-diffusion. From the comparative study of the base fluid, nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and trihybrid nanofluid, it can be concluded that the trihybrid nanofluid shows the most improvement in transport properties by yielding the highest skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. Thus, trihybrid nanofluids offer great potential for enhancing heat and mass transfer and can be used in more sophisticated thermal management systems and energy applications, including biomedical fluid transport.

This research examines the dynamics of heat transfer while highlighting the crucial role of Fourier heat flux concerning the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) traversing a disk. The physical model and flow configuration were thoroughly analyzed under the influences of various parameters. The major equations that characterize the flow dynamics are formulated as partial differential equations (PDEs). By utilizing appropriate correspondence variables, the system of PDEs was altered keen on ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The coordination of coupled nonlinear equations is resolved arithmetically utilizing the “bvp4c function in MATLAB.” The influence of the principal appropriate factors on the radial speed, axial speed, and warmth is illustrated realistically. Ultimately, a table is constructed to demonstrate the interrelationships of numerous perilous issues on the Skin friction and Nusselt number. It was observed that an enhancement in the attractive constraint significantly diminishes the speed outline, attributable to the Lorentz influence caused by the applied attractive subject. Additionally, an enhancement in thermal transfer was observed as a consequence of an increase in thermal radiation.

The novel concept of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) captivated scientists and researchers due to its remarkable thermal conductivities, which led to improved thermal performance. There are several applications for these fluids in the fields of technology and industry. A third-grade Williamson-Casson HNF model for magnetohydrodynamics over an exponentially stretched surface in a DF permeable medium is presented in this work. It covers the impacts of viscous dissipation (VD) as well as the analysis of heat and mass transfer (HMT). The established governing PDEs for momentum, energy, and concentration transfer are transformed into a collection of nonlinear ODEs using similarity transformations (ST). These transformed equations are solved using semi-numerical methods called HAM. It investigates how velocity field (VF), temperature field (TF), and concentration field (CF) are affected by changes in critical parameters such as thermal conductivity, third-grade fluid parameter, DF number, magnetic field (MF) strength, Williamson and Casson fluid parameters, and nanoparticle volume fractions (VLFs). The results show that the presence of an HNF increases thermal conductivity, which improves heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, VD and third-grade fluid characteristics significantly impact fluid flow and energy transfer. The recent research offers important new information for practical applications in thermal engineering systems, biofluid mechanics, and polymer processing.