Enhancing the resolution of point clouds is crucial in achieving detailed and precise 3D representations for various applications. Factors such as sensor calibration, scanning range, and environmental capability play a pivotal role in determining the overall quality of the captured point cloud data. Moreover, issues related to noise, occlusions, and sensor limitations can further impact the accuracy of the modelling outcome, underscoring the importance of optimizing point cloud resolution. Thus, researchers started to build new architectures with the aim of produce more dense and complete representation with higher resolution. Different methods have been created to achieve successful upsampling, such as interpolation techniques, deep learning strategies, and optimization algorithms. In this paper, we take a closer look at this exceptionally fast-developing field of science. According to this aim, the reader will better understand point cloud upsampling technology.

Protecting air quality is crucial to protecting human health and the environment. In addition to minimising the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere, reducing exposure to chemical agents in the workplace air is becoming increasingly important. The research will demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of technological extraction ventilation systems used in industry through a workplace air quality measurement in a 3D printer laboratory. In our study, the emissions of air pollutants into the environment were measured by emission measurements and the impact area was determined by calculation. It was clear from the results that the concentrations of methanol and phenol were below the detection limit, so this technology does not produce these substances in concentrations that can be measured. However, in the case of e-caprolactam, a typical air pollutant in several 3D printing technologies, an exceedance of the limit was observed in the phase without the extraction system. The limit value was exceeded by 1.91 %, which represents an increased exposure. The tests carried out clearly demonstrated that concentrations in the workplace airspace were reduced by a tenth in all cases after the installation of the extraction system. The installed, activated carbon filtration system captured 90 % of the volatile organic compounds. The effectiveness of the system is greatly enhanced by the design of the disposal strategy, the use of Best Available Technology (BAT) and the filter incorporated in the extraction system.

The rapid expansion of Hungary’s infrastructure projects, especially in railway construction, has significantly increased the demand for crushed stone. Both national and EU-funded initiatives have strained supply chains, resulting in logistical challenges and material shortages. With limited domestic production capacity, efficient resource management is crucial to keeping projects on track. This paper evaluates Hungary’s supply chain for crushed stone, identifying key weaknesses and proposing solutions to enhance sustainability. Purpose. This study investigates the logistical and supply chain difficulties in delivering crushed stone for Hungary’s railway infrastructure projects. It evaluates current supply limitations, proposes ways to improve domestic resource management, and offers strategies to reduce reliance on imports while emphasizing sustainability. Methodology. The research applies Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling to analyze transportation routes for crushed stone, suggesting ways to streamline logistics. It examines the production capacities of Hungarian quarries, some producing 15,000–25,000 tons monthly, and assesses the impact of European and Hungarian regulations on material quality and availability. The potential for integrating recycled materials into the supply chain is also explored. Findings. Hungary’s domestic quarries cannot meet the high demand for railway ballast, estimated at 192,000 tons annually, leading to import reliance. GIS modeling shows optimized transportation routes could cut costs and carbon emissions. Incorporating smaller stone fractions and recycled materials could mitigate shortages, with recycled materials potentially comprising 40 % of railway ballast. Originality. By integrating geological, logistical, and regulatory insights, this paper provides novel approaches for addressing Hungary’s crushed stone supply chain challenges. The use of GIS modeling and recycled materials offers innovative solutions for reducing environmental impacts. Practical value. The findings present actionable strategies for improving Hungary’s supply chain efficiency, promoting recycling, and optimizing logistics. These solutions are applicable to Hungary and other regions facing similar infrastructure material supply challenges.

The paper proposes an approach to the integrated assessment of the social responsibility of EU countries with a combination of data from three international indices most relevant to the monitor-ing of social responsibility at the macroeconomic level: the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index, the Sustainable Development Goals Index and the Social Progress Index. Applying the method of taxonomic analysis on the example of index values for EU countries, we assessed the differences and leaders in ensuring social responsibility. The authors do not consider country-level social responsibility only as a consequence of the development of responsible practices at all levels. Taking into account that social responsibility should be a prerequisite for expanding opportunities in all spheres, in particular, in business, the authors conducted a correlational analysis of the relationship between the taxonomic indicator of social responsibility and the development of innovative business. As a result, we confirmed significant connections with “Business sophistication” indicators (as part of the Global Innovation Index) and the share of innovative firms of total SMEs (according to OESD statistics). The obtained results strengthen the grounds for considering social responsibility not only as an important socially oriented concept, but also as a reliable basis for the development of innovative business due to the created comfortable institutional environment of business development.

Transforming the linear economy into a circular one in the construction sector is not an easy task. Such a radical change entails a major transformation of the current production and consumption patterns, which in turn will have a significant impact on the economy, the environment, and society. The European Commission sees great potential in the recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and has also emphasised the importance of this waste stream in its directives on the circular economy. This paper first presents the concept of CDW and its regulatory characteristics. It then introduces the types and sources of CDW. Third, based on an analysis of the literature, the paper identifies the possible links between the CDW and the circular economy and current trends and practices of recovery, reuse, and recovery. Finally, through the examples presented, it gives an overview of the current situation and trends in Hungary and makes recommendations for future development opportunities for the practitioners to help them adapt to recent changes. The options for doing this are important, but the problems that may hinder this process also need to be examined. In this article, the author seeks to find answers to this question.

Regional climate change has noticeable influence on grape and wine production in West Hungary. Sopron and Zala wine-growing regions are among the potential winners of the climate change, previously rather unsuitable for viticulture. Over the past 30 years, the minimum and maximum temperatures significantly increased, the precipitation decreased, nevertheless, the convective precipitation increased by 14 days during the growing season. Each climate indicator has changed between 1986 and 2015 compared to the previous 30 years (1956-1985). One of the effects of climate change is a significant shift in the annual growth cycle of grapevines (phenological phases). Budbreak begins nearly 8 days earlier, flowering 7 days and the veraison 8 days, while the harvest has been shifted to a date 11 days respect to the previous period. The time between the budbreak and the flowering has shortened by 4.5 days.