Despite rapid advancements in vehicle and human integration within road transport systems, the role of road pavement structures has been largely overlooked. This paper is motivated by the critical need to address this gap, particularly in light of the growing challenges posed by global climate change. The road transport system, as an integrated “human-vehicle-road” unit placed within the environment, has undergone significant changes to this day. However, this rapid development has been predominantly confined to two elements of the system: humans and vehicles. Vehicles and their drivers are receiving increasingly specific and targeted information about traffic processes, and the role of humans in processing this information is progressively being assumed by vehicle intelligence. As a result, humans and vehicles, as system components, are becoming increasingly integrated. As an innovation in infrastructure, the road pavement structure has largely been unaffected by current developments in material technology and vehicle advancements, with no significant breakthroughs beyond typical alternatives to asphalt or concrete pavements. This article explores whether the presumed future impact of global climate instability might reshape the developmental trajectories of certain elements of the road transport system and whether the need to address weather extremes could bring research related to the resilience and climate adaptation potential of road pavement structures to the forefront, potentially at the expense of the vehicle and driver, the other two system elements.