This study embarks on a numerical exploration of Geogrid Reinforced Soil Walls (GRSW), employing finite difference analysis to compare two soil constitutive models, highlighting the efficacy of a refined strain-softening model. This innovative approach markedly improves the prediction of GRSW performance, particularly aligning the safety factor more closely with real-world observations. Notably, the strain-softening model demonstrates a superior ability over the perfectly plastic model by significantly reducing the mean overall error in predicting maximum geogrid strain overall from 51% to 30%, reflecting a significant 41% improvement in precision, thereby presenting a significant tool for enhancing geotechnical design practices. The research underlines the potential of this model to elevate the safety and reliability of GRSW constructions, contributing to elevated design standards within the field of geotechnical engineering.

Reliable simulation of bond behavior between stone façade panels and concrete substrates is crucial for safe façade design, particularly with mechanical anchorage. Conventional finite element models relying on tie constraints overestimate interface strength, especially in the absence of surface preparation or bonding agents. This study develops and validates a physically motivated, element deletion–based finite element methodology to accurately simulate crack initiation, propagation, and failure at the mortar–stone interface. The three-dimensional numerical models, implemented in ABAQUS and benchmarked against laboratory splitting shear tests, represent the composite system comprising a concrete substrate, sand-cement adhesive mortar, and a Travertine stone façade. Both unanchored and Z-type mechanically anchored configurations were examined. Results demonstrate the approach yields accurate predictions of failure loads and damage evolution: for unanchored specimens, the maximum numerical–experimental deviation was below 2%, while Z-type clip anchorage significantly enhanced the load-bearing capacity and altered the fracture mechanism. Compared to conventional tie or interface-layer models, the element deletion strategy provides a computationally efficient and transparent tool for capturing the failure behavior of stone–mortar–concrete composites. The findings offer insights for optimizing façade anchorage design and provide a validated numerical framework for future research.