In this paper several recommendations and considerations on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV, or drone) are presented. Currently, the standardization of drone EMC measurements is not yet fully established. These products are usually tested according to EN 55032, EN 55024, EN 64000-4-3 and EN 61000-4-8, while the scope of these standards is not UAV specific. The focus of this paper is on the testability of UAV emission and immunity from various aspects. The main goal of this paper is to initiate discussions regarding UAV specific conditions to describe measurement setups, conditions, and limitations suitable to drones. First, the UAV and the test environment shall be prepared from safety ant testability point of view. These aspects and recommended conditions - e.g., drone fastening, applying artificial load, and emulating the Earth's magnetic field - are explained in this paper. While the drones are assembled from CE certified components, the whole product requires a system level validation. The test conditions, limits, and stress levels shall be aligned to the specific environment an UAV might be exposed to. An initiative study aiming to describe the UAV exclusive electromagnetic conditions are also presented here. Additionally, several key aspects for EMC engineering of UAV's are also discussed in this paper, mainly focusing on functionality relevant EMC issues and solutions.

Professional maintenance of the residential building stock and completion of the necessary renovation works on time will increase the life of the residential buildings and improve their condition. For this reason, it is important to create and apply condition assessment and decision support systems that uniformly and accurately determine the condition of individual building structures and buildings. Thus, the necessary interventions -taking into account the available financial resources-can be performed at the right time and in the right way. The ultimate goal of our research is to develop a decision support system that evaluates the damage of individual structural members and determines the condition of each load bearing structure, ultimately evaluating the entire building. It then suggests (if necessary) which of the available renovation methods to choose. In addition to the damage of the load bearing structures, the decision among the proposed methods of reinforcement is also influenced by architectural requirements and economic aspects. In the present phase of the research we have developed a method that determines the condition of side corridor structures based on the observed damage detected by visual building diagnostics (e.g. steel cantilever corrosion, stone plate cracks, stone plate abrasion). The side corridors are divided into three well-separable structural elements (cantilever, plate, balustrade) and their damage is analyzed separately. Qualification is made by a fuzzy signature based decision making system. In this, aggregations are based on classical fuzzy inference methods. The rule bases of the aggregation were constructed during this research. The final condition of the side corridor structure is affected by the combined condition of the three structural elements.

Recent advances on laser technology have enabled the generation of ultrashort (fs) high power (PW) laser systems. For such large scale laser facilities there is an imperative demand for high repetition rate operation in symbiosis with beamlines or end-stations. In such extreme conditions the generation of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) during high intense laser target interaction experiments can tip the scale for the good outcome of the campaign. The EMP effects are several including interference with diagnostic devices and actuators as well as damage of electrical components. The EMP issue is quite known in the picosecond (ps) pulse laser experiments but no systematic study on EMP issues at multi-Joule fs-class lasers has been conducted thus far. In this paper we report the first experimental campaign for EMP-measurements performed at the 200 TW laser system (VEGA 2) at CLPU laser center. EMP pulse energy has been measured as a function of the laser intensity and energy together with other relevant quantities such as (i) the charge of the laser-driven protons and their maximum energy, as well as (ii) the X-ray Kα emission coming from electron interaction inside the target. Analysis of experimental results demonstrate (and confirm) a direct correlation between the measured EMP pulse energy and the laser parameters such as laser intensity and laser energy in the ultrashort pulse duration regime. Numerical FEM (Finite Element Method) simulations of the EMP generated by the target holder system have been performed and the simulations results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.

During high intense laser target interaction a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is generated which can potentially disturb the well performing of the experiment. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the EMP not only affects devices present in the vacuum chamber but also in the target area where it may compromise the performance or operation of electronics and device controllers.In this work we report the measurements of EMP inside the laser target area at Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU) during high intense laser-target interaction experiments. The experimental results show how the amplitude and spectrum of the EMP in the target area is different from the one inside the target chamber (TC). At last Finite element method (FEM) simulation results are shown and compared with experimental results.