This study explores road users’ behaviors and accident analyses on different travel modes in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). The questionnaire survey was adopted and designed based on contributing factors related to risk behavior perceptions in different travel modes. A total of 3000 participants submitted questionnaires that provided data for a multiple regression model analysis. The results indicated that different travel modes have different risk behavior perceptions. Road users of vulnerable modes of travel, such as walking and cycling, were more aware of risky behaviors than users of others. Risky, violent behavior may occur due to fatigue, driving while taking drugs, or aggressive tactics where the driver may lose control and cause an accident. However, driver negligence, especially violating traffic rules, may sometimes cause risky behavior. The results show that age, gender, education level, income level, marital status, driving experience, accident experience, and attitude toward road safety affect risk behavior perception. In conclusion, the differentiation of vehicles plays a vital role as a critical issue that should be understood for effectively mitigating risks in different travel patterns.

The mismatch between land use and road layout has led to high traffic volumes in unsafe conditions in periurban areas. This is also the case in Pathumthai Province, which was selected as a study area, as one of the areas surrounding Bangkok, the megacity of Thailand. For this study, an attempt was made to focus on 4 points of road junctions of multi-lane highways and to observe their longitudinal differences with their speeds. The results showed that traffic volume has a major impact on accident risk, especially at higher traffic volumes and in mixed-traffic situations. The risk is increased by the presence of commercial vehicles mixed with smaller vehicles (e.g. motorcycles), which require sufficient distance between following vehicles. The novelty of this paper is identifying driver behaviours through the use of prototype CCTV technology and distinguishing the role that types of drivers' vehicles play in mitigating risks in different travel patterns, considering the safety aspects of highway design and land use.

Transportation systems are complex and multimodal, comprising diverse travel modes that often compete for limited roadway space. However, the diversity of these modes also generates varying levels of exposure and vulnerability, particularly among pedestrians, who represent the most at-risk group of road users. This study investigates the determinants of Pedestrian Safety (PS) within the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), focusing on behavioral, and environmental risk factors. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 1,120 participants who had encountered potentially hazardous situations while walking. Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the multifaceted influences shaping pedestrian risk behaviors across three user groups: (1) the general pedestrian population, (2) predominant pedestrian mode users, and (3) individuals with prior pedestrian accident experiences. The findings reveal that physical environmental characteristics and perceived behavioral control, particularly the availability and condition of pedestrian-supportive facilities have significant effects on risk-related behaviors. These results highlight the need for a comprehensive and context-sensitive approach to understanding pedestrian risk and for developing targeted interventions and strategic plans aimed at preventing pedestrian-related crashes in rapidly urbanizing environments.