Naseer Al-Imareen

58159515500

Publications - 9

Performance Analysis of MPT-GRE Multipath Networks Under Out-of-Order Packet Arrival

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-06-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Network packets may arrive out of their original order due to network delays, transmission speed variations, congestion, or uneven resource distribution. These factors cause significant challenges to network performance. These challenges result in jitter, packet loss, and reduced throughput, negatively affecting the efficient arrangement of packets. The Multipath tunnel-Generic Routing Encapsulation (MPT-GRE) architecture addresses this issue through a packet reordering mechanism designed for multipath GRE with User Datagram Protocol (UDP) encapsulation networks. This study investigates and analyses the path-specific delays, jitter, and transmission speed constraints to evaluate the influence of out-of-order packets on the MPT-GRE tunnel throughput aggregation capability. By comparing scenarios with and without the re-ordering mechanism, the results demonstrate that the reordering mechanism substantially improves the traffic throughput in symmetric and asymmetric channel configurations. Additionally, the study emphasizes the critical role of optimizing the reordering window parameter for effective performance. These findings confirm that packet reordering mechanisms significantly enhance MPT-GRE network performance by reducing the negative effects of delays and out-of-order arrivals.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/electronics14112138

Enhancing Real-Time Video Streaming Quality via MPT-GRE Multipath Network

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The demand for real-time 4K video streaming has introduced technical challenges due to the high bandwidth, low latency, and minimal jitter required for high-quality user experience. Traditional single-path networks often fail to meet these requirements, especially under network congestion and packet loss conditions, which degrade video quality and disrupt streaming stability. This study evaluates Multipath tunnel- Generic Routing Encapsulation (MPT-GRE), a technology designed to address these challenges by enabling simultaneous data transmission across multiple network paths. By aggregating bandwidth and adapting dynamically to network conditions, MPT-GRE enhances resilience, maintains quality during network disruptions, and offers throughput nearly equal to the sum of its physical paths’ throughput. This feature ensures that even if one path fails, the technology seamlessly continues streaming through the remaining path, significantly reducing interruptions. We measured key video quality metrics to assess MPT-GRE’s performance: Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Our results confirm that the MPT-GRE tunnel effectively improves SSIM, PSNR, and reduces MSE compared to single-path streaming, offering a more stable, high-quality viewing experience. Our results indicate that analyzing the SSIM, MSE, and PSNR values for 4K video streaming using the MPT tunnel demonstrates a significant performance improvement compared to a single path. The improvement percentages of the SSIM and PSNR values for the MPT tunnel are (29.05% and 29.04%) higher than that of the single path, while MSE is reduced by 81.17% compared to the single path.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/electronics14030497

Performance Evaluation and Selection of Appropriate Congestion Control Algorithms for MPT Networks

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 109-119

Description:

Recent academic research highlights a growing interest in multipath technologies, which offer promising solutions to networking challenges in complex environments. This interest is reflected in the emergence of protocols such as Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Multipath UDP-in-GRE (MPT-GRE). The development of network protocols, particularly various iterations of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), has been distinguished by congestion detection and control algorithms, such as HighSpeed, CUBIC, Reno, LP, BBR, and Illinois. This paper evaluates the performance and suitability of these algorithms for multipath MPT-GRE networks under varying conditions, including delay, jitter, and data loss at different transmission speeds (both symmetric and asymmetric). Using StarBED resources, we applied delay, jitter, or packet loss to one of two physical paths to simulate congestion. The results demonstrate that some algorithms, HighSpeed and BBR among them, significantly enhance Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and network throughput in multipath MPT-GRE networks. These findings provide valuable insights into their performance and practical applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2025.0160211

On the Effectiveness of Congestion Control Algorithms on MPT-GRE Networks

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: 2024 47th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing Tsp 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 87-91

Description:

Contemporary academic research is seeing a notable surge in interest in investigating the multifaceted aspects associated with the advancement of multipath technologies, an area of prominence within ongoing research efforts. This burgeoning interest is exemplified by the prominence of protocols such as Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Multipath UDP (MPT), which have appeared as focal points within contemporary research trends. The continual evolution of networking protocols, containing diverse iterations of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), including (CUBIC, Reno, Vegas, BBR, etc.) has been characterized by a sustained effort to congestion detection and control algorithms. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of TCP congestion control algorithms within a network operating under the MPT -GRE network layer multipath technology. Various factors contributing to congestion were added to one of the two paths, including delay or packet loss. The study illustrates the contribution of congestion control algorithms to the increase in network throughput by resolving transient period issues in MPT -GRE multipath networks. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of congestion control algorithms within the MPT network architecture. Through systematic analysis and experimental testing, this study provides valuable insights into the performance of congestion detection algorithms. It gives evidence of their significant positive effect in multipath MPT -GRE networks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TSP63128.2024.10605944

Real-Time Video Streaming in MPT-GRE Multipath Networks

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: 2024 32nd International Conference on Software Telecommunications and Computer Networks Softcom 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Real-time video streaming over a multipath system enhances the quality of video delivery by diminishing packet loss, latency, and congestion, which eventually improves service quality and user experience. This paper addresses technical issues related to multipath routing, including path selection, packet scheduling, and path matching, and proposes solutions such as MPT-GRE. The effectiveness of MPT-GRE is assessed using recognized metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and MSE, which are used to quantify differences in video quality. The paper aims to explore challenges and solutions in real-time video streaming over multipath networks, mainly focusing on MPT-GRE, while also quantitatively assessing the impact of streaming on video quality. In this paper, we selected a set of videos with different resolutions and specifications from the Waterloo Streaming QoE Database. The study measures how video quality assessment metrics influence streamed video through a network using the MPT-GRE communication library and demonstrates the efficiency of real-time video streaming using MPT-GRE. This paper presents evidence that MPT-GRE improves high-resolution video streaming, leading to a smoother and more reliable experience. These enhancements are validated using metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and MSE, demonstrating the effectiveness of MPT-GRE in maintaining high video quality in multipath network environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.23919/SoftCOM62040.2024.10721766

Effect of Path QoS on Throughput Aggregation Capability of the MPT Network Layer Multipath Communication Library

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2023-06-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 2

Page Range: 14-20

Description:

An increase in the use of smart and portable devices like smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to a rise in the number of network interfaces and thus the number of possible channels for communication. However, the current approach over the Internet only employs a single path for a communication session. As an innovative and promising method for real-time transmission based on GRE-in-UDP encapsulation, which provides an IPv4 or IPv6 tunneling mechanism, this paper presents multipath throughput testing for the MPT network layer multipath communication library. We investigated the effectiveness of MPT's channel capacity aggregation while dealing with wired channels and examined scenarios in symmetric and asymmetric paths. Our network throughput measurements showed that MPT can efficiently aggregate the capacities of both symmetric and asymmetric paths. In this paper, we established a network topology that included a server, which we used for generating various quality of service (QoS) metrics. We measured how latency, transmission speed, packet loss rate, jitter, and the setting of the path weights influence throughput aggregation capability of the MPT communication library.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2023.2.3

On the Impact of Packet Reordering in MPT-GRE Multipath Networks

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: 2023 46th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing Tsp 2023

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 82-86

Description:

Several factors, such as network delays, congestion, differing path lengths, and varied processing durations at intermediary nodes, can cause out-of-order arrival of the packets, negatively affecting network performance, decreasing throughput, and increasing latency. When packets arrive out of order, the receiver may need to wait for missing packets before assembling a complete message, resulting in additional delays. Furthermore, some applications, like music and video streaming, require continuous and ordered data flow. Any out-of-order arrival of packets can result in jitter and decreased quality. To mitigate the impact of this issue in MPT-GRE multipath networks, MPT contains a packet reordering mechanism. In this paper, we designed a network topology that generated delays and limited the transmission speed on one of the paths. We investigated how the out-of-order arrival of packets influences the throughput aggregation capability of the MPT library with and without enabling the packet reordering feature of MPT. Our network throughput measurements show that by enabling MPT's packet reordering mechanism, MPT can efficiently aggregate the throughput of both symmetric and asymmetric channels.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TSP59544.2023.10197737

Improved Hybrid Model to Text Detection by Using k-means and mser-swt with CNN

Ibrahim Alameri Naseer Al-Imareen Aymen Adil Fatimah Ihsan Abdulsahib

Publication Name: International Conference on Electrical Computer Communications and Mechatronics Engineering Iceccme 2023

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Detection of textual data from scene text images is a very thought-provoking issue in computer graphics and visualization. The challenges of text detection come from the nature of images used to detect text from them. The technology proposed is comprised of three main stages: Blurring, transformation to the frequency domain, and de-blurring in the frequency domain as preprocessing procedures; a proposed hybrid model for text detection using k-means clustering and text bounding boxes is used, and (CNN) framework used to classify into textual and non-textual regions. We used the Stroke Width Technique (SWT) when increasing the value of k by analyzing the width of the strokes in the image and thus reducing the potential textual regions resulting from the MSER, which leads to reducing the time and increasing the accuracy of detection, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is used to perform a classification of all bounding boxes. For the suggested technique's evaluation, results are collected on three popular datasets, including SVT, IIIT5K, ICDAR 2013, and ICDAR 2015. The datasets for SVT, IIIT5K, ICDAR 2013, and ICDAR 2015 each have classification results of 87.41.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ICECCME57830.2023.10252377

Evaluation of E-teaching Implementation in Iraqi Universities

Ibrahim Alameri Muneer S.G. Mansoor Naseer Al-Imareen Kadum Ali Ahmed

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 608

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 735-748

Description:

The education process, which includes teachers and students, as well as the teaching environment in general, has drawn the attention of the education process due to desirable characteristics such as the educational function, which is distinguished by evolution in its performance methods, scalability, coherence, cost savings, and efficiency. Over the last several decades, e-teaching has varied from the traditional education style, where teachers encounter many difficulties while implementing the traditional education style. Researchers have arrived at conclusions regarding the variables that influence teachers’ acceptance of e-teaching by asking respondents to fill out questionnaires, conduct interviews, collect relevant information, and analyze the data obtained. In addition, colleges and universities have been searching for innovative ways to make education readily available to learners and make teaching easier for teachers. Despite the great importance of e-teaching in Iraq to support higher education and human development in contemporary ways, the implementation of e-teaching resists multiple challenges in Iraq. The proposed work can summarize these challenges as the few lecturers and trainers who provide training courses in preparing electronic lectures, information and communications technology infrastructure, electronic lectures and educational materials, tutors, and technical expertise. This paper aimed to identify factors determining the effect of activating e-teaching in Iraq. The research will elaborate on the concept of e-teaching in Iraq and discuss its importance and impacts with significant emphasis on Iraq. The current work concludes that e-teaching in Iraq has made meaningful progress in three universities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9225-4_53