This study aims to explore the current research progress and developmental trends in the domain of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and its role in driving organizational sustainability. It further investigates how organizational, socio-cultural, and behavioral factors influence sustainability across various contexts and proposes directions for future research. The study employs a bibliometric review approach, which was conducted using R and VOSviewer software to identify key publication patterns, influential contributors, and thematic evolution. The analysis reveals a significant increase in research interest in PEB and organizational sustainability, particularly following the introduction of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The most developed themes in recent years involve employee attitudes, education, corporate social responsibility (CSR), green human resource management (GHRM), environmental commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study offers a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of how PEB-related research supports organizational sustainability. It uniquely maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of the field over time. Furthermore, it provides theoretical contributions and practical implications by outlining future research directions, particularly in understanding the contextual influence of socio-cultural and behavioral drivers on organizational practices.