This study analyzes the progression, utilization, and inherent challenges of traditional non-linear static procedures (NSPs) such as the capacity spectrum method, the displacement coefficient method, and the N2 method for evaluating seismic performance in structures. These methods, along with advanced versions such as multi-mode, modal, adaptive, and energy-based pushover analysis, help determine seismic demands, enriching our grasp on structural behaviors and guiding design choices. While these methods have improved accuracy by considering major vibration modes, they often fall short in addressing intricate aspects such as bidirectional responses, torsional effects, soil-structure interplay, and variations in displacement coefficients. Nevertheless, NSPs offer a more comprehensive and detailed analysis compared to rapid visual screening methods, providing a deeper understanding of potential vulnerabilities and more accurate predictions of structural performance. Their efficiency and reduced computational demands, compared to the comprehensive nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA), make NSPs a favored tool for engineers aiming for swift seismic performance checks. Their accuracy and application become crucial when gauging seismic risks and potential damage across multiple structures. This paper underscores the ongoing refinements to these methods, reflecting the sustained attention they receive from both industry professionals and researchers.

This study evaluates the performance of SAP2000, and AxisVM in conducting pushover analyses, with a focus on the manual (user) definition of plastic hinges versus the automatic definitions provided by the software. Three structures, namely a single column subjected to a point load, a 2D reinforced concrete (RC) frame model, and a 3D RC model, are considered. It explores the performance of the three models in different conditions, including, application of the different software, the use of user defined (manual) hinges, and automatically generated hinges to assess their response to various analytical excitations. The need for engineers to focus on understanding the application of defining the hinge properties according to existing guidelines, including FEMA-356, ASCE 41-13/17, and Eurocodes, is highly emphasized, in addition to the existing methods as found in the literature. This is achieved by considering and comparing the capacity curves generated by the software. The results vary in some instances, especially when comparing results from user-defined and automatic hinges. It is also found that when used with precision, the results are almost similar, it is also important to use software that allows ultimate precision for better results.

Nonlinear Static Analysis otherwise known as pushover analysis will be used in this study to evaluate the seismic performance of an existing reinforced concrete (RC) hospital structure. This method aids in determining the structure’s ability to withstand lateral loads and calculating its local and global deformation requirements. The study begins with a thorough analysis of the geometry, materials, and structural elements of the structure, followed by a review of pertinent building regulations and codes. A finite element model in three dimensions of the hospital building is created, encapsulating the main features of the structure’s behavior under seismic loading. The lateral force method of analysis and static pushover analysis is then carried out and compared, and the findings are used to pinpoint crucial weak places, potential failure mechanisms, and regions needing additional research or fortification. Recommendations are given to improve the seismic performance of the current RC hospital building based on the pushover analysis’s findings. These adjustments can be made to the structural system via retrofitting techniques or to non-structural elements. For engineers, architects, and legislators concerned with the seismic assessment and renovation of hospital buildings and other crucial infrastructure, the findings from this study are valuable.