Convective grain drying powered by natural gas is a highly energy-intensive process with a substantial impact on the secure storage of harvested grain. By improving energy efficiency and reducing natural gas consumption, it is possible to decrease the operation's ecological footprint by lowering CO2 emissions. However, previous studies often analyse the drying process as a whole, giving less attention to individual processes. For instance, uneven drying can lead to issues during storage, such as microbial growth and dust accumulation. This paper presents an energetic analysis of mixed-flow grain dryers based on a case study in Hungary for the long term. It examines the fundamental physical characteristics of each dryer and identifies key modifications to ensure proper operation. The paper also introduces a precision drying method that allows fine-tuning of process parameters (e.g., airflow, grain flow) to optimise grain moisture content to the desired level based on large-scale continuous temperature measurements. These measurements can also validate previous modifications, enabling ongoing monitoring of optimal operating conditions via heatmaps.

In today’s vehicle industry “X-by-wire” technologies gain significant importance, especially in full-electric vehicles. This paper demonstrates the first steps of an electromechanical bicycle wedge brake design that uses brake-by-wire technology. The paper discusses the importance of Anti-lock Brake Systems (ABS) and Brake-by-Wire (BBW) technologies in the bicycle industry and summarizes how the technologies improve rider safety. Then we do a technical investigation by establishing a Model-Based Design workflow for developing a first-principle ABS control for electronic wedge brake applications. First, We establish a longitudinal model of a bicycle, allowing for a detailed investigation of wheel-lockups. After obtaining a baseline bicycle model we implement a control algorithm to prevent wheel-lockup during braking. The effect of the control algorithm on the braking distance of the bicycle is also investigated. After concluding the effects of the ABS brake systems for bicycles we summarize the next steps for continuing the design process of the brake system development.

The increasing adoption of electric bicycles (e-bikes) has led to a growing need for advanced active safety systems, such as anti-lock braking systems (ABSs), to enhance rider safety. In recent years, both hydraulic and electromechanical ABSs were researched. To support the development and validation of these systems, this paper presents a longitudinal vehicle dynamics model of an electric bicycle. The model captures key physical interactions, including drivetrain, transmission, braking, and tire–road contact, to accurately simulate longitudinal motion. By leveraging this model, future studies can perform virtual validation of active safety components in a controlled and repeatable environment, reducing the dependency on costly and time-intensive physical testing. The proposed model lays the foundation for a model-based design approach, enabling early-stage performance assessment and optimization of safety-critical functions in electric bicycles.