The purpose of this study is to carry out an examination of the economic sustainability of product liability, paying particular attention to the development risk that enables exemption from liability, as an exemption case. The product liability regulation that enables or excludes the manufacturer’s reference to development risk is not only a legal and legal policy issue, but also an economic policy issue affecting economic efficiency. In addition, how to install the development risk is also a question closely related to the role of the state in liability. The study pays special attention to the development risk related to the damage caused by medicines, vaccines as special products, maneuvering between state compensation obligation and manufacturer’s liability. In doing so, the study aims to answer such questions as whether product liability regulation is economically sustainable, and in accordance with this, is the currently defined procedure for deploying development risk cost-effective?