One of the key issues of recent linguistic trends is to understand the interaction between language and culture, which can be well observed through the identification of cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian, 2011, 2017). This study explores and compares the basic cultural conceptualizations of tree, a concept which holds a universal symbolic status in human cognition, in Russian and Hungarian folk songs (e.g., Baranyiné Kóczy, 2018b), relying on approximately 800 + 600 texts presented in two Hungarian and Russian corpora of folksongs (Kireevsky, 1986). The study addresses the following questions: How is tree conceptualized in general in folk songs by the Hungarian vs. Russian folk cultural communities? Are specific conceptualizations attached to different tree-types in the two corpora? What similarities and differences of the underlying metaphors can be distinguished in these two systems of cultural conceptualizations? What specific conceptualizations are attached to various tree-species in these corpora? The study utilizes the methodological framework of Cultural Linguistics in that it identifies conceptual metaphors and metonymies in the texts and relates them to underlying cultural models. The research shows that, (a) Russian folk songs tend to employ various tree-types with distinct conceptualizations, whereas tree-species are less dominantly represented in the Hungarian folk songs; (b) the most frequent type of tree is дyб “oak” in Russian whereas rózsafa “rose-tree” in Hungarian; (c) despite some similar generic ideas behind cultural conceptualizations, their representations and the image schemas related to them can be quite different; (d) there are conceptualizations which are only present in either corpus. Overall, it is argued that the figurative uses of trees and parts of trees rely on cultural conceptualizations and are deeply embedded in the cognition of folk cultural communities.