The Impact of LED-Based eHMIs on Pedestrian Decision-Making and Perceptions at Crossings

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 91

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 163-170

Description:

Effective communication between vehicles and pedestrians is essential for ensuring crossing safety, particularly as automated vehicles (AVs) become more prevalent. This study evaluated pedestrian perceptions of five communication scenarios using green LED-based External Human–Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) mounted on a conventional vehicle: (A) an arrow LED on the license plate, (B) an arrow LED on the windscreen, (C) a full LED on the license plate, (D) a full LED on the windscreen, and (E) no LED interface (control). Participants viewed video recordings of each scenario and responded to questions regarding perceived safety, clarity, and trust. Additionally, their leg movement onset time was recorded as an indicator of crossing decision behavior. The results indicated that the full LED on the license plate was perceived as the most trustworthy and clear, and it elicited faster crossing decisions compared to the control condition. In contrast, no LED interface yielded the lowest scores for clarity, safety, and trust, and was associated with longer decision times. Statistical analysis (Kendall’s τ > 0.6) revealed strong correlations among perceived safety, trust, and clarity across all conditions. These findings support the potential of LED-based eHMIs - particularly those with full green illumination - to enhance pedestrian safety and decision-making at crossings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2025.10.022

Authors - 3