During the years of Stalinism in Hungary, the communist regime had a complex and ambivalent attitude towards people of Jewish origin and Jewish identity. Whereas it had previously tolerated the increasingly popular Zionism during the post-war coalition years, after the regime change in the context of the establishment of the Jewish state and subsequent changes in Soviet policy, this tolerance almost immediately ended. It began to persecute Zionist organizations and Zionists alike, Zionist institutions were liquidated, and criminal proceedings were initiated against their leaders. To explore and present the subject, this study draws on archival sources of the period and the Hungarian secondary literature.