Appearance of developed endoscopic techniques markedly improved both the precisity and efficacy of the high quality colonoscopy. Chromoendoscopy and magnification endoscopy offers detailed characterisation of fine structure of polyp surface. During the recent decades the histology prediction techniques of the colorectal polyps devided in two directions: 1. endoscopic microstructure representing techniques (virtual or optical histology) 2. supportive techniques for the detection of precancerous lesions. Narrow-band imaging technique supports the precisity of biopsy and offers the in vivo separation of hyperplastic (non-neoplastic) and adenomatous (neoplastic) polyps. Introduction of artificial intelligence method in colonoscopic diagnostics initially apperaed in the polyp detection area, lately also in the polyp histology detection. The computer assisted polyp histology diagnostic techniques utilize several methods including narrow-band imaging and magnifying endoscopy. The main aim of artificial intelligence techniques in colonoscopy is to differentiate the neoplastic and nonneoplastic polyps.