This study examines organisational and ergonomic predictors of safety compliance in automotive just-in-time (JIT) production environments. Drawing on the theory of safety climate and the literature on organisational control, we developed a multivariate regression model to analyse how managerial commitment, production pressure, technological safeguards, training quality, severity of sanctions, and ergonomic prevention relate to employee safety compliance. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the employees of five Central European Tier 1 and Tier 2 automotive suppliers (n = 221). The results show that organisational factors play a central role in explaining compliance behaviour. Management commitment and training quality emerged as the strongest positive predictors of safety compliance, while production pressure showed a significant negative association. Ergonomic prevention was also positively related to compliance, suggesting that workplace design and physical risk reduction contribute to safer behaviour. The severity of sanctions showed only a weak relationship with compliance. In general, the findings indicate that supportive organisational practices and preventive safety management are more strongly associated with compliance than sanctions-based control mechanisms alone. The results highlight the importance of integrating management commitment, training systems, and ergonomic design into safety strategies in high-pressure manufacturing environments.