Science has been and is a fundamentally defining factor in human history. Current achievements in technology, scientific development and the scientific method make it possible to explain, verify on a scientific basis any and all phenomena occurring today. Accordingly, science has a fundamental impact on how society operates. However, the proper functioning of society needs more: normative standards that the government, as public authority, can create (legislation) and implement (law enforcement) through its various governmental bodies. But how does this connect to science and scientific achievements? How do scientific achievements determine or may determine governmental function? In order to even attempt answering these questions, we have to take a detailed look at scientific thinking. In my study, I have prepared a thorough overview of the characteristics of science and scientific thinking, and their interconnections with governmental decision-making.