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Found 6374 publications

Field Application of Austenitic Filler Metals for Repairing Rail Surface Defects in Paved Tracks

Szabolcs Fischer Mykola Sysyn Dmytro Kurhan Dóra Harangozó András Brautigam

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 87-95

Description:

Previous research by the authors identified a welding technology to repair rail defects in tramways with partial disassembly and partial preheating, with the following main advantages for the operator: the process can be carried out during operational downtime or even during traffic, disassembly, and repair costs are reduced, and traffic disruption is reduced compared to conventional hard surfacing welding technologies. After welding, the hardening under traffic should approach the vehicle wheels’ hardness values (310–350 HB). In the track measurements under investigation, welds were made on two different rail grades using austenitic weld metal with high elongation relative to the rails, which was also compared with welds made by conventional hard surfacing welding. The present study aims to determine the hardening function of austenitic dowel bars at different layer counts by performing continuous hardness measurements at the investigated sites. The hardening shows a power function at the initial stage and a linear trend after about 2.5 million MGT.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_9

AI-Powered Digital Transformation of Government Human Resource Management: A Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review

Roland Zsolt Szabó Aweewan Panyagometh Xiangyu Bian Bin Wang

Publication Name: Journal of Innovation Management

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Page Range: 66-95

Description:

Recent developments in modern artificial intelligence (AI) have driven profound changes in public sector human resource management systems, offering remarkable opportunities alongside intricate challenges. Governments across the globe are progressively integrating AI tools to modernize HR operations, enhance workforce planning, and respond to evolving socio-economic demands. This research utilizes the PRISMA framework for systematic literature review to explore the role of AI in transforming government HR practices. By analyzing 47 peer-reviewed articles published from 2019 to 2023, the study identifies five central themes: ethical and governance models for AI in public administration; AI’s influence on HR functions and organizational behavior; implementation barriers and potential benefits; AI applications in digital governance and policy formulation; and innovations in HR technologies driven by big data. The findings highlight critical success factors such as strong data infrastructure, structured employee training initiatives, and well-defined ethical standards. Key challenges identified include concerns around data privacy, biased algorithms, workforce adaptation, and wider societal implications like employment shifts and changing competency needs. The study underscores the importance of: (1) adaptive regulatory frameworks that support innovation while safeguarding public interest; (2) robust data governance strategies to manage confidentiality and cybersecurity risks; (3) tailored training programs aimed at improving AI understanding among government staff; and (4) collaborative efforts across sectors to promote ethical AI adoption and mitigate socio-economic disruptions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24840/2183-0606_013.003_0003

Comrades in theory, outsiders in practice: Cuban and Polish workers in the Kádár era in Hungary

Csaba Sándor Horváth Lőwi Ildikó Horváth Csaba Sándor

Publication Name: Labor History

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study examines the political, ethnic, and social dimensions of transnational guest worker migration to Hungary during the late Kádár era, with a focus on Cuban and Polish workers. The research explores whether an institutionalized form of exploitation ‒ resembling colonial oppression ‒ emerged under state socialism despite official ideological commitments to racial equality. It also considers whether the socialist rhetoric of international solidarity was compatible with the realities of ethnic hierarchy and exclusion. Drawing on international and domestic literature, archival documents, statistical data, press sources, and focus group interviews, the study employs a primarily qualitative methodology to analyze the lived experiences of guest workers. The findings suggest that a form of socialist-style colonial exploitation was reproduced, especially in the case of Cuban workers, and that a complex mix of latent ethnic bias and overt national stereotypes shaped efforts to integrate guest workers. Finally, the research identifies key patterns that influence the acceptance or rejection of culturally distinct labor migrants and examines the broader ideological and social contradictions that these dynamics reveal.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/0023656X.2025.2566424

Prioritization of AI-based material handling approaches for smart logistics in sustainable warehouses: A q-rung orthopair fuzzy CoCoSo methodology with consensus reaching

Dragan Pamucar Tapan Senapati Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee Svetlana Dabic-Miletic Leena Arya Abhijit Saha Vladimir Simic

Publication Name: Environment Development and Sustainability

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study aims to address the artificial intelligence-based material handling approach selection problem under circular economy to contribute the smart and sustainable business management in logistics systems. The "consensus-reaching process" for experts is not emphasized in the current decision-making procedures with q-rung orthopair fuzzy data. Experts working on group decision-making challenges may hold views that are very dissimilar from one another as a result of their knowledge and experiences. In order for experts to increase the amount of consensus, a consensus-building process is needed. Besides, the ranking results provided by "combined compromise for ideal solution" do not change dramatically in line with the changing weight distributions of characteristics. So, q-rung orthopair fuzzy-based combined compromise for ideal solution methodology with consensus reaching is introduced for solving the addressed emerging problem of logistics companies. This robust and logical decision-making method can comprehensively analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and potential barriers to the acceptance of artificial intelligence-based material handling approaches. The real-life study is offered for a logistics company that plans to invest in robotic solutions based on artificial intelligence. The findings show that autonomous mobile robots represent the best artificial intelligence-based material handling approach. Recommendations for adopting alternative solutions are provided to assist in the efficient completion of smart logistics activities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10668-025-06435-6

Effectiveness of different training models for running performance in female youth triathletes

Zsolt Szakály Zsofia Papai Zsuzsanna Liszkai Marta Wilhelm

Publication Name: Biomedical Human Kinetics

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 1

Page Range: 290-300

Description:

Study aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of polarized (Pol) and threshold (TR) training in youth triathletes (15–18 years). Material and methods: Female youth triathlete subjects taking part in systematic training (n = 42, n(Pol) = 21; n(TR) = 21; at the beginning age(Pol) = 14.63±1.25 years; age(TR) = 14.61 ± 0.89 years) were studied. In this 3-year-long research, anthropometric characteristics and performance were measured, using a spiroergometric, maximal exercise test. Run time spent on a treadmill and physiological data were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in anthropometric variables during the study period, but a difference was observed between the two groups in heart rate at the third year. Relative oxygen uptake (rVO2), ventilation (VE) and performance (Time) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the Pol group, suggesting that this method can also be successful in youth training. Conclusions: Our study results support other research findings demonstrating the effectiveness of polarized training. Further expansion of our sample is necessary to provide guidance for youth triathlon training.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2025-0028

Impact of Fuzzy Number Shapes and Aggregation Techniques on Evaluation Results via Fuzzy Signatures in Higher Education Accreditation

Adam Schiffer Jozsef Hegedus Hatwagner F. Miklos Koczy T. Laszlo

Publication Name: Cinti 2025 IEEE 25th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 569-574

Description:

Ensuring objectivity in expert-based educational program evaluations remains challenging due to inherent subjectivity and uncertainty of the assessment processes. In this study, we apply fuzzy signature models to address these issues within the evaluation framework of the Hungarian Accreditation Committee (MAB). A generalized fuzzy signature structure was developed, that supports discrete answer categories and hierarchical question groups. We systematically investigated how key parameters-fuzzy number shape, aggregation operators, and defuzzification methods-affect final evaluation outcomes. Two types of fuzzy coverage sets (core-based and support-based) were tested across multiple configurations using simulated data (k=100,000) aligned with typical expert response distributions. Statistical analysis, including paired t-tests and normality tests, revealed that the Largest of Maximum (LoM) defuzzification method combined with arithmetic mean aggregation and a core-to-support ratio of 0.75 yielded the highest classification accuracy (83.77%) and the most stable results. Core-based (Type 1) coverage consistently outperformed support-based (Type 2) coverage in 98% of tested configurations. These findings provide practical guidance for the design of robust and interpretable fuzzy evaluation systems and support the development of more transparent quality assurance tools in higher education. This work goes beyond mere comparison by systematically analyzing the sensitivity of fuzzy evaluation systems to parameter choices, which is critical for robust system design of accreditation models.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CINTI67731.2025.11311757

Periodicity in radix systems with base 3

Attila Kovács Izabella Ingrid Farkas Gábor Kallos

Publication Name: Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 106

Issue: 3-4

Page Range: 475-489

Description:

In this paper, we examine the base 3 number expansions in the ring of integers with digits {0, a, −b}, a, b ∈ N and a ≡ b (mod 3). Among others, we show that for arbitrary natural numbers n and k, there is a system where n has a periodic expansion with length k. We specify an infinite number of radix systems for a given valid signature.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5486/PMD.2025.10042

Multi-purpose Utilization of Rainwater in a Hilly Settlement Near Lake Velence

Katalin Bene Attila Kálmán

Publication Name: Mechanisms and Machine Science

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 174 MMS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 910-920

Description:

The global and local environments are experiencing profound transformations in the 21st century, primarily due to the adverse impacts of climate change. Increasing temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns present challenges to the natural world and human-made structures. Countries and settlements strive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through the broader use of renewable energy sources. Adaptation to changing conditions is highly emphasized. These circumstances can be improved by more efficient and multipurpose uses of existing infrastructures or with small-scale expansions and broader, more complex use of renewable resources. A small settlement at Lake Velence, Nadap, has the highest ratio of solar panels in Hungary. It can be achieved by combining this advantage with its hilly location, sustainable energy security, and economic benefits. This paper develops a theoretical methodology for how rainwater and gravity energy storage can be utilized using the geographical characteristics of the settlement and its existing solar panel capacities. The methodology uses rainwater budget modeling, local solar-cell capacity calculation, and the selection of state-of-the-art mechanical gravity energy storage systems based on a literature review. Additionally, this paper aims to develop a rainwater management system that optimizes crop irrigation and maximizes energy storage in hilly settlements, with the cooperation of stakeholders, in a multidisciplinary approach.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-80512-7_89

The Relationship Between Situational Crime Prevention and Road Safety Defending Against Environmental Threats

József Krenner

Publication Name: Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Part F136

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 461-467

Description:

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between situational crime prevention and road safety, with a specific focus on environmental factors and pedestrian safety. The research endeavors to develop a model that aids in identifying risk factors and their underlying causes within the traffic environment. The model analyzes the built environment, accident statistics, and legal regulations, with particular emphasis on pedestrians. Current police methods, campaigns, and responses to pedestrian safety issues are also analyzed. According to the WHO report, millions of individuals lose their lives in road accidents annually, predominantly pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Environmental criminology and situational crime prevention offer approaches that analyze the interplay between human behavior and environmental factors, thereby enhancing road safety. The situational prevention method can be effectively applied to enhance road safety, considering the combined influence of various factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-78544-3_36