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Progress in diagnostics of the COMPASS tokamak

M. Berta J. Varju D. Sarychev G. Anda R. Dejarnac R. Paprok M. Komm J. Havlicek D. Naydenkova D. Dunai J. Horacek J. Seidl Tsv Popov M. Peterka T. Krizsanóczi P. Hacek J. Cavalier D. Réfy O. Grover T. Markovic M. Imrišek K. Kovarik J. P. Gunn P. Vondráček M. Varavin J. Zebrowski O. Bogár A. Podolnik M. Tomes M. Vlainic J. Krbec K. Mitošinková M. Sos A. Devitre D. Fridrich A. Havranek O. Ficker E. Matveeva M. Dimitrova J. Adamek T. Pereira M. Stano P. Bilková M. Rabinski N. Vianello J. Mlynar M. Spolaore M. Hron F. Zacek G. P. Ermak P. Böhm R. Pánek E. Gauthier R. Gomes A. Silva J. Zajac S. Nanobashvili S. Zoletnik V. Weinzettl J. Stöckel K. Malinowski M. Jakubowski

Publication Name: Journal of Instrumentation

Publication Date: 2017-12-07

Volume: 12

Issue: 12

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The COMPASS tokamak at IPP Prague is a small-size device with an ITER-relevant plasma geometry and operating in both the Ohmic as well as neutral beam assisted H-modes since 2012. A basic set of diagnostics installed at the beginning of the COMPASS operation has been gradually broadened in type of diagnostics, extended in number of detectors and collected channels and improved by an increased data acquisition speed. In recent years, a significant progress in diagnostic development has been motivated by the improved COMPASS plasma performance and broadening of its scientific programme (L-H transition and pedestal scaling studies, magnetic perturbations, runaway electron control and mitigation, plasma-surface interaction and corresponding heat fluxes, Alfvenic and edge localized mode observations, disruptions, etc.). In this contribution, we describe major upgrades of a broad spectrum of the COMPASS diagnostics and discuss their potential for physical studies. In particular, scrape-off layer plasma diagnostics will be represented by a new concept for microsecond electron temperature and heat flux measurements - we introduce a new set of divertor Langmuir and ball-pen probe arrays, newly constructed probe heads for reciprocating manipulators as well as several types of standalone probes. Among optical tools, an upgraded high-resolution edge Thomson scattering diagnostic for pedestal studies and a set of new visible light and infrared (plasma-surface interaction investigations) cameras will be described. Particle and beam diagnostics will be covered by a neutral particle analyzer, diagnostics on a lithium beam, Cherenkov detectors (for a direct detection of runaway electrons) and neutron detectors. We also present new modifications of the microwave reflectometer for fast edge density profile measurements.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/12/12/C12015

Estimating growth contributions by structural decomposition of input-output tables

Krisztián Koppány

Publication Name: Acta Oeconomica

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 67

Issue: 4

Page Range: 605-642

Description:

This paper presents a case-study to demonstrate the calculation methods of growth contributions using structural decompositions of input-output tables and their Hungarian applications. Although the required data are available with a considerable time-lag, results show that taking backward linkages through demand for inputs and value chain multipliers into account can significantly alter the picture on the growth effects of industries and final demand categories by the conventional approach based on quarterly GDP calculations. This can be instructive for analysts and policy-and decision-makers not only in Hungary, but also in other countries. The study was performed by using public macroeconomic and sectoral data obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/032.2017.67.4.6

Time- spaces in Hungary

Dusek Tamás Gábor Szalkai

Publication Name: Forum Geografic

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 161-170

Description:

This paper firstly gives a general outline about the features of various spaces. Time spaces and cost spaces have non-metric characteristics, moreover, time spaces and cost spaces are not continuous. Therefore, topographic maps are not always an appropriate basis for cognitive information processing, the everyday behaviour and the study of spatial relationships. The paper demonstrates the differences between geographical space and time-spaces at two different scales, such as the road network time-space of Hungary and a district of the capital city Budapest. With the first example the rapidly changing Hungarian time-space during the last two decades can be vividly demonstrated, thanks to new motorway construction. The second example compares different types of space, as for example the difference between the time- space of a pedestrian and a vehicle.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5775/fg.2017.009.d

Factors influencing algal photobiohydrogen production in algal-bacterial co-cultures

Péter Tamás Nagy Gergely Lakatos Attila Farkas Gergely Maróti Daniella Balogh Vince Ördög Tibor Bíró

Publication Name: Algal Research

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 28

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 161-171

Description:

Algal-bacterial co-cultures represent an alternative way for algal biohydrogen generation. Efficient algal hydrogen production requires anaerobiosis and electrons accessible for the algal FeFe‑hydrogenases. A number of factors strongly influence the development of this optimal environment. Various algal strains were tested for hydrogen evolution with a selected bacterial partner, a fully hydrogenase deficient Escherichia coli. During the hunt for the most efficient algae strains, gas-to-liquid phase ratio, algal optical density and algal cell size were identified as crucial factors influencing algal hydrogen evolution rate, accumulated algal hydrogen yield, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels as well as acetic acid consumption in illuminated algal-bacterial cultures. The highest accumulated hydrogen yields were observed for the different algal partners under similar experimental setup. The combination of a gas-to-liquid phase ratio of 1/1 with an algae cell density of 3.96 ∗ 108 algae cell ml− 1 (OD750: 1) resulted in the highest accumulated algal hydrogen yields under continuous illumination of ~ 50 μmol m− 2 s− 1 light at 25 °C irrespective of the applied algae strain. Accumulated hydrogen yield was also strongly influenced by the algal cell size, smaller cell size correlated with higher hydrogen evolution rate. The highest accumulated algal hydrogen yield (88.98 ± 2.19 ml H2 l− 1 d− 1) was obtained with Chlorella sp. MACC 360 -E. coli ΔhypF co-culture.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.024

Description of rail track geometry deterioration process in hungarian rail lines no. 1 and no. 140

Richárd Nagy

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 3

Page Range: 141-156

Description:

The aim was the perfection of an analytic examination, which describes the track deterioration process, characterized the correspondences more precisely and better to use in practice. This method was based on the destruction's theory of the railway track geometry and it exploited the possibilities of recent computer technology. More than one million measuring car (FMK-004) data were processed than analyzed and defined by configuring and programming a new method. The results of this method were descriptive functions, which afford interpretable information about the geometrically destruction's occurrences of the different railway lines.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2017.12.3.13

Searching possible accident black spot locations with accident analysis and gis software based on GPS coordinates

Csaba Koren A. Borsos Pál Hegyi

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 3

Page Range: 129-140

Description:

There are several methods for the analysis of road accidents in a road network. In Hungary from 2011 GPS coordinates are used to identify the location of personal injury accidents. This method significantly improves the display of locations of accidents on the map, which can be then analyzed using GIS tools. Accident black spots are the most dangerous places in road networks identified by the density of the accidents in the network. One of the analysis methods is the accident density searching. The methods and algorithms used in some software may show differences in relation to one another. The aim of this research is comparing two applications by investigating the local road network in Györ. The analysis was made using the WEB-BAL accident analysis software using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise procedure and the QGIS software using the kernel density estimation method. The former is the official accident database and online software used for accident investigations and the latter is an open source geographic information system. The results are visualized in accident density plots and black spot maps.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2017.12.3.12

Hygrothermal simulations and in-situ measurements of ultra-lightweight concrete panels

Máté Orosz Balázs Nagy Elek Tóth

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2017-12-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 3

Page Range: 69-83

Description:

The aim of the paper is to investigate the hygrothermal properties of a newly developed building panel, made of ultra-lightweight concrete, encased cold-formed steel elements. It describes the hygrothermal simulations of the wall and roof panels, and based on results, the heat transfer coefficients and linear thermal transmittances are determined. The hygrothermal behavior of main structural joints (wall corner, wall-roof and wall-ground connections) is also simulated using real indoor and outdoor conditions. For validating the results, a model building was investigated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2017.12.3.7

Design of load torque and mechanical speed estimator of PMSM with unscented Kalman filter-An engineering guide

Karol Kyslan Frantisek Durovsky Viliam Fedak Viktor Slapak Krisztian Horvath

Publication Name: International Conference on Electical Drives and Power Electronics

Publication Date: 2017-11-27

Volume: 2017-October

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 297-302

Description:

This paper presents the design of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for estimation of state space variables of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The UKF is shown together with the field oriented speed control. At first, the position and the speed of PMSM are measured, and UKF is used only for a load torque estimation. It is indicated how differences in sampling time of the speed and the current loop affects overall estimation performance. Subsequently, speed sensorless performance of the UKF with the same parameters is shown for comparison. Designed filter is verified only by Matlab simulation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/EDPE.2017.8123249

Corporate carbon footprint analysis in practice – With a special focus on validity and reliability issues

Gabor Harangozo Cecília Szigeti

Publication Name: Journal of Cleaner Production

Publication Date: 2017-11-20

Volume: 167

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1177-1183

Description:

As a yield of efforts in the international climate policy and emerging consumer awareness there is a growing interest for the quantification of corporate level carbon footprints. As a consequence, there have been numerous initiatives, guidelines and calculation methods emerged recently to be able to quantify company level direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Most of them are based on the philosophy and classification of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. This paper intends to provide a comparison of freely available online corporate level carbon footprint calculators with a novelty value of addressing their validity and reliability. Validity here refers to the issue whether different calculators cover the same or similar aspects or scopes of the corporate carbon footprint, while reliability addresses the question whether different calculators deliver the same or similar result if we use the same input data. Based on the example of an imaginary enterprise, we argue that validity is partly achieved, while reliability of the calculators is relatively low. This means that online corporate carbon calculators can be useful to provide a first insight for companies into their carbon footprints and they can also be useful for temporal comparisons at the level of one company (if the activity of the company is not too complex.) However, these calculators do not seem to be very appropriate for comparisons among different companies or with external benchmarks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.237