Raffaele Cucuzza

57218136719

Publications - 14

Structural topology optimization for plastic-limit behavior of I-beams, considering various beam-column connections

Marco Domaneschi Peyman Aela M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Muayad Habashneh Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 4

Page Range: 2719-2743

Description:

This work proposes topology optimization for steel I-beams, including consideration of bolted beam-column connections with geometric and material nonlinear analysis. The aim is to assess and compare the topological configurations influenced by different connections, examining their stress distribution and rotational stiffness to illustrate the potential of structural optimization. The bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) approach is implemented. Furthermore, several bolted steel beam-column configurations were validated based on experimental tests. Subsequently, a series of finite element models were developed, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the plastic-limit behavior of I-beams under different loading conditions. The proposed method could potentially use a lesser quantity of material while maintaining the same level of structural performance. The results indicate that the implementation of structural topology optimization on I-beams while considering various beam-column connections, yields structural performance similar to that of solid web configurations, achieved through material reduction.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/15397734.2024.2412757

Reinforcement of RC Two-Way Slabs with CFRP Laminates: Plastic Limit Method for Carbon Emissions and Deformation Control

Oveys Ghodousian Marco Domaneschi Zahraa Saleem Sharhan M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 12

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates have gained attention for their potential to reduce carbon emissions in construction. The impact of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP Laminate) on carbon emissions and the influence of elasto-plastic analysis on this technique were studied in this research. This study focuses on how CFRP can affect the environmental footprint of reinforced concrete structures and how elasto-plastic analysis contributes to optimizing this strengthening method. Four flat RC slabs were created to evaluate this technique in strengthening. One slab was used as a reference without strengthening, while the other three were externally strengthened with CFRP. The slabs, which were identical in terms of their overall (length, width, and thickness) as well as their flexural steel reinforcement, were subjected to concentrated patch load until they failed. The strength of two-way RC slabs was analyzed using a concrete plastic damage constitutive model (CDP). Additionally, CFRP strips were applied to the tension surface of existing RC slabs to improve their strength. The load–deflection curves obtained from the simulations closely match the experimental data, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of the model. Strengthening concrete slabs with CFRP sheets reduced central deflection by 17.68% and crack width by 40%, while increasing the cracking load by 97.73% and the ultimate load capacity by 134.02%. However, it also led to a 15.47% increase in CO2 emissions. Also, the numerical results show that increasing the strengthening ratio significantly impacts shear strength and damage percentage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14123873

Sustainable and cost-effective optimal design of steel structures by minimizing cutting trim losses

Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano

Publication Name: Automation in Construction

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 167

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Since the beginning of the structural optimization field, the optimal design was characterized by the least-weight configuration. In this sense, all the researchers agreed on adopting the minimum-weight optimization statement as the most promising approach to achieve an optimized employment of material. However, especially for steel structures, this approach completely fails the primary goal of encouraging standardization of pieces during the production phase. Except for rare cases, increasing diversity among structural elements leads to a dramatic increase in the financial cost as well as the environmental impact of the structure because of the material waste generated during the cutting procedure. In this paper, a real-coded Genetic Algorithm has been adopted and the well-known one-dimensional Bin Packing Problem has been implemented within the structural optimization process. The Objective Function formulation lies in a marked change of the paradigm in which the target function is represented by the amount of steel required by the factory instead of the structural cost (e.g. weight). The proposed approach is tested on different steel structures moving from 2D truss beams to 3D domes. Addressing the optimal stock of existing elements leads to a significant waste reduction of 40% in almost all the investigated case studies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105724

Reliability-based topology optimization of imperfect structures considering uncertainty of load position

Peyman Aela M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Muayad Habashneh

Publication Name: Structures

Publication Date: 2024-11-01

Volume: 69

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this paper, a novel optimization technique is implemented to explore the effects of considering uncertain load positions. Therefore, the integration of reliability-based design into structural topology optimization, while considering imperfect geometrically nonlinear analysis, is proposed. By comparing the results obtained from perfect and imperfect geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses, this study examines the impact of nonlinearity on probabilistic and deterministic analyses. Concerning probabilistic analysis, the originality of this research lies in its incorporation of the position of the applied load as a stochastic variable. This distinctive approach complements the consideration of other relevant parameters, including volume fraction, material properties, and geometrical imperfections, with the overarching goal of capturing the variability arising from real-world conditions. For the assessment of uncertainties, normal distribution is assumed for all these parameters. Normal distributions are chosen due to their advantages in terms of simplicity, ease of implementation, and computational efficiency. These characteristics are particularly beneficial when dealing with complex optimization algorithms and extensive analyses, as is the case in our research. The proposed algorithm is validated according to the results of benchmark problems. Structural examples like cantilever beam, pinned-shell, and L-shaped beam problems are further explored within the context of imperfect geometrically nonlinear reliability-based topology optimization, with specific regard to the probabilistic aspect of the location of the externally applied loads. Moreover, the results of the suggested approach suggest that the inclusion of a probabilistic design strategy has influenced topology optimization. The reliability index acts as a controlling constraint for the resulting optimized configurations, including the mean stress values associated with the resulting topologies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.107533

Constructability-based design approach for steel structures: From truss beams to real-world inspired industrial buildings

Marco Domaneschi Angelo Aloisio M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza

Publication Name: Automation in Construction

Publication Date: 2024-10-01

Volume: 166

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents an optimization framework for steel trusses. The authors implemented a penalty-based approach to optimise the size, shape, and topology based on a dynamic grouping strategy to address the constructability challenges. The main contribution of the paper is the use of damped exponential constructability penalties. This approach ensures optimal designs by balancing structural complexity, through standardization in design, and minimizing the total number of members and variety of sections, with the overall structural cost. The paper also presents a detailed analysis that underscores the sensitivity of the optimization convergence to the algorithmic hyperparameters, emphasizing the role of cross-section assignments and stabilization of truss piece counts. The optimization framework is validated on a trussed roof structure based on the findings from the single truss optimization. The best truss topology proved to be the Howe truss configuration, highlighting its efficiency in meeting the defined objective function.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105630

Plastic Limited Numerical Modelling on Contact Friction Effects of Steel–Concrete Connection for Composite Bridges

Oveys Ghodousian J. Szép Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Daniel Gosztola

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-09-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This research employs plastic limit analysis to examine load combinations, contact interactions, and friction effects on steel–concrete connections. A nonlinear finite element model was developed using ABAQUS 2021, incorporating the concrete damage plasticity model and contact friction interactions. The model’s validity was confirmed through laboratory experiments. Results indicate that contact elements and friction between the top flange, concrete slab, and studs significantly influence structural behavior. Unlike conventional push-out tests, real deck–slab connections exhibit different load-displacement responses due to the self-weight and additional loads, such as vehicular traffic. Under horizontal loading, extensive failures with large deformations along the studs occur, while vertically compressive loads lead to failures around the connections.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14092898

Integrating push-out test validation and fuzzy logic for bond strength study of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete

Amin Ghodousian Oveys Ghodousian M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Vahid Shafaie

Publication Name: Construction and Building Materials

Publication Date: 2024-04-26

Volume: 425

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) with a focus on shear bond strength influenced by specific compositions of microsilica, zeolite, slag, and polypropylene fibers. Twenty distinct FRSCC mixes underwent extensive testing, including 28-day compressive strength, tensile strength assessments, and push-out and slant shear tests. A significant outcome is the strong correlation between the push-out and slant shear test results, exemplified by an R² value of 0.88, confirming the push-out test as a viable and practical alternative for bond strength assessment. Experimentally, fibers were found to enhance tensile strength, with the inclusion of 15% microsilica and slag further amplifying this effect, highlighting the critical role of precise pozzolan selection in achieving optimal mechanical performance and workability in FRSCC. Furthermore, the study introduces a fuzzy logic system for predicting shear bond strength, achieving high predictive accuracy with R² values reaching up to 0.96, depending on the t-norms utilized. This research not only validates the push-out test as a reliable method for evaluating shear bond strength in FRSCC but also demonstrates the efficacy of the fuzzy logic approach, representing a groundbreaking contribution in both computational analysis and practical methodology for concrete structural integrity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136062

Advanced elasto-plastic topology optimization of steel beams under elevated temperatures

Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Muayad Habashneh

Publication Name: Advances in Engineering Software

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 190

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

A topology optimization algorithm of steel beams under the influence of elevated temperature, considering the geometrically nonlinear analysis of imperfect structures, is proposed in this work. The proposed methodology is developed for addressing topology optimization problems in the presence of initial geometric imperfections and thermoelastic-plastic analysis by developing the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method. Two comprehensive examples of lipped channel beams and steel I-section beams are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The considered examples explore the impact of elevated temperature on the topology optimization of imperfect steel beams, considering the interplay between thermal effects, structural imperfections, and nonlinear behavior. The results highlight the significance of integrating temperature effects in achieving optimal and robust steel beam designs. Furthermore, the openings generated by the proposed algorithm can efficiently disrupt the continuous heat flow within the material, leading to regions with reduced thermal conductivity compared to solid regions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2024.103596

Numerical Covariance Evaluation for Linear Structures Subject to Non-Stationary Random Inputs

Marco Domaneschi L. Sardone M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano Santiago Londoño López

Publication Name: Computation

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Random vibration analysis is a mathematical tool that offers great advantages in predicting the mechanical response of structural systems subjected to external dynamic loads whose nature is intrinsically stochastic, as in cases of sea waves, wind pressure, and vibrations due to road asperity. Using random vibration analysis is possible, when the input is properly modeled as a stochastic process, to derive pieces of information about the structural response with a high quality (if compared with other tools), especially in terms of reliability prevision. Moreover, the random vibration approach is quite complex in cases of non-linearity cases, as well as for non-stationary inputs, as in cases of seismic events. For non-stationary inputs, the assessment of second-order spectral moments requires resolving the Lyapunov matrix differential equation. In this research, a numerical procedure is proposed, providing an expression of response in the state-space that, to our best knowledge, has not yet been presented in the literature, by using a formal justification in accordance with earthquake input modeled as a modulated white noise with evolutive parameters. The computational efforts are reduced by considering the symmetry feature of the covariance matrix. The adopted approach is applied to analyze a multi-story building, aiming to determine the reliability related to the maximum inter-story displacement surpassing a specified acceptable threshold. The building is presumed to experience seismic input characterized by a non-stationary process in both amplitude and frequency, utilizing a general Kanai–Tajimi earthquake input stationary model. The adopted case study is modeled in the form of a multi-degree-of-freedom plane shear frame system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/computation12030050

Numerical Modeling of Multi-Pass Arc Welding Processes: Integration with Experimental Validation for Distortion analysis and Characterization

J. Szép Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Daniel Gosztola Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 248-254

Description:

The increasing significance of numerical simulations in the welding industry arises from their capacity to improve manufacturing conditions, ensuring greater effectiveness and precision. The utilization of the finite element method (FEM) enables comprehensive and focused calculations of mechanical and material structural alterations induced by the welding process. Acquiring knowledge of these parameters not only serves to augment the quality of the manufacturing process but also yields consequential benefits, such as reducing adverse effects like base plate distortion. Consequently, enhancing structural performance and prolonging lifespan becomes achievable, aligning with overarching sustainability goals. To accomplish this objective, this paper involves the numerical simulation of a welding process based on experimental tests, with a focus on investigating the deformations caused by the heat generated during welding as the primary parameter of interest. Advanced modeling techniques are employed to assess the results as part of a comprehensive thermo-mechanical analysis framework, examining and characterizing the impact of the temperature distribution. In the finite element analysis (FEA), a total of 12 welding cycles were systematically modeled to align with experimental conditions, incorporating cooling intervals and preheating considerations. The outcomes of this research exemplify the potential of numerical simulation in the welding industry, demonstrating a diverse range of results achieved through FEA to enhance the quality of structures.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240552

Stiffness Ratio Evaluation of Steel Exoskeletons Through Performance-Based Optimal Design

Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano Jana Olivo Giuseppe Andrea Ferro

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 438-445

Description:

Among the various seismic retrofitting techniques, steel exoskeletons are distinguished by their non-invasive nature. However, only a few consolidated methodologies have been proposed for their design. The approach of several standard codes is based on the classification of elements according to their relative stiffness. In this way, a ratio between the stiffness of the exoskeletons and that of the building is taken as the main design parameter. In this study, a performancebased design approach was employed, with the inter-story drift of the building as the performance target. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of different inter-story drift thresholds on the structural behavior of the buildingexoskeleton system. For each threshold, an optimization process was conducted to identify the optimal number of exoskeletons, their placement around the building, and the dimensions of their elements. Finally, the stiffness ratios were determined for each optimal configuration and were compared to the threshold provided by the regulations. This comparison yielded interesting insights into the differences in the approaches.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240577

Model Calibration of High Damping Rubber Bearings: A Preliminary Mass Production Reliability Study

Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano Santiago Londoño López

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 389-397

Description:

Over the past decade, Building Isolation Systems (BIS) have gain significant relevance due to their ability to reduce horizontal acceleration and interstory drifts in structures. Since the 1950s, researchers have focused on developing numerical models to simulate the dissipative behavior of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) in parallel major earthquake events have highlighted the need for BIS devices in medium and large-scale infrastructure, accentuating the need for further research into accurate models and adding the pressing interest in variability of mass-produced HDRB parameters. This study presents initial results from an identification process using two numerical models, validated using experimental tests at the SISMALAB laboratory. The experimental data involved eight samples subjected to compression forces and horizontal displacement. Optimal values were obtained through a Genetic Algorithm optimization process, minimizing discrepancies between experimental and numerical response. Preliminary variability analysis was conducted on data from 20 independent iterations over the eight samples.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240571

Strengthening RC Slabs with CFRP Bars Using the Plastic Limit Method to Control Plastic Deformation

Marco Domaneschi Zahraa Saleem Sharhan M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 96-104

Description:

The objective of this work is to improve the punching strength and control the plastic deformation of two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. The efficacy of this reinforcement technique was evaluated by constructing four reinforced concrete flat slabs. One specimen was utilized as a reference slab, while the other three specimens were reinforced using the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) CFRP bars approach. The slabs, which had identical dimensions and steel reinforcement, were exposed to patch load, and tested until they reached the point of failure. For evaluating the strength of two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, the Concrete Plastic Damage (CDP) constitutive model was developed and implemented. CFRP bars are inserted into the slab at a depth from the tension face to enhance their strength. The investigation commences with the calibration of a numerical model utilizing data obtained from laboratory experiments. This will be achieved by establishing an advanced analytical method that incorporates the plasticity of concrete damage and the use of CFRP bars, along with a multiplier to determine the plastic limit load. Numerical simulations are employed to investigate shear dynamics by including diverse elements. The results showed that an increase in the ratio of strengthening had a significant effect on shear strength.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240532

A Sustainable Approach for Reversing the Structural Design Process of Steel Structures: From the Traditional Minimum-Weight Approach to the Cutting Losses Minimization

Marco Domaneschi Roberta Di Bari M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 446-454

Description:

In this research, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been developed and the well-known one-dimensional bin packing problem (BPP) has been implemented within the structural optimization process. The Objective Function formulation lies in a marked change of the paradigm in which the target function is represented by the amount of steel required by the factory instead of the structural cost (e.g. weight). The best design is obtained by varying the geometry properties of the members and the cross-section assignation ensuring optimal stock of existing elements. Finally, the structural cost and the Carbon emission are calculated for a spatial reticular dome. The mass of the waste with respect to the mass of the stock, Mwaste/Mstock, is evaluated by adopting both the cutting Stock approach and the traditional approach. The former leads to a waste saving that is almost twice that obtained from the latter. However, no significant differences in terms of carbon emission can be observed by comparing the two approaches.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240578