J. Szép

55791305600

Publications - 30

Integrating generative and parametric design with BIM: A literature review of challenges and research gaps in construction design

J. Szép Álmos Semjén

Publication Name: Applications in Engineering Science

Publication Date: 2025-09-01

Volume: 23

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Parametric Design (PD), Generative Design (GD), and Building Information Modelling (BIM) have emerged as transformative tools in the construction industry, offering significant potential for design optimisation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and data-driven decision making. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current state of PD, GD, and BIM integration, highlighting practical applications and identifying research gaps. In addition to mapping the academic discourse, the review also highlights selected practical implementations from existing literature to illustrate how these technologies are being translated into applied workflows. Furthermore, the methodology section critically reflects on the limitations of the keyword-based search strategy and suggests future directions to mitigate potential literature gaps. While many studies demonstrate efficiency gains in early design phases, the integration of these technologies across the full building lifecycle remains limited. Key challenges include insufficient interoperability between platforms, lack of standardisation, and minimal adoption of GD-BIM combinations in construction and logistics. Furthermore, few studies address the regulatory compliance and real-world scalability of AI-assisted generative models. The review concludes that although these digital methods can accelerate innovation and sustainability, their practical implementation requires further research in construction management, code-based automation, and human-in-the-loop design workflows.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100253

A structured framework for HBIM standardization: Integrating scan-to-BIM methodologies and heritage conservation standards

J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi Nóra Géczy Rnin Salah

Publication Name: Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Publication Date: 2025-06-01

Volume: 37

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Heritage conservation demands innovative approaches that integrate advanced technologies with traditional principles to protect monuments and historic buildings. This research investigates the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in heritage conservation, with a focus on developing and adapting workflows tailored to Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). Through a systematic analysis of literature, the research highlights the adaptation of scan-to-BIM methodologies for HBIM creation and their significant role in enhancing preservation efforts. Key technologies, including laser scanning, photogrammetry, and machine learning, are discussed for their contributions to generate accurate and information-rich digital models of heritage structures. Furthermore, this work discovers critical specifications and proposes a structured framework for balancing these specifications within HBIM workflows. This framework addresses challenges such as standardization, scalability, and adaptability, which are essential for accurately capturing the complexity of heritage buildings. By examining these issues, the study identifies opportunities to improve HBIM's capability to monitor, document, and manage culturally significant assets. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of HBIM processes and their potential to support the effective conservation of heritage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00420

Script-Based Material and Geometrical Modeling of Steel–Concrete Composite Connections for Comprehensive Analysis Under Varied Configurations

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Daniel Gosztola Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The behavior of steel–concrete composite structures is significantly influenced by the efficiency of the shear connections that link the two materials. This research examines the performance of stud shear connectors, with an emphasis on analyzing the effect of different geometric design parameters. A computational model was created utilizing Python 3.13 to enable thorough digital monitoring of the influence of these parameters on the structural performance of composite connections. Developed within the ABAQUS framework, the model integrates geometric nonlinearity and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) approach to achieve detailed simulation of structural behavior. Essential design aspects, including stud diameter, stud height, head dimensions, and spacing in both longitudinal and transverse directions, were analyzed. The Python-based parametric model allows for easy modification of design parameters, ensuring efficiency and minimizing modeling errors. The significance of stud diameter changes was analyzed in accordance with Eurocode standards and previous studies. It was found that stud length has a reduced effect on structural performance, particularly when considering the concrete properties used in bridge construction, where compressive failure of the concrete zone is more critical at lower concrete strengths. Additional factors, such as stud head dimensions, were investigated but were found to have minimal effect on the behavior of steel–concrete composite connections. Longitudinal stud spacing emerged as a critical factor influencing structural performance, with optimal results achieved at a spacing of 13d. Spacings of 2d, 3d, and 4d demonstrated overlapping effects, leading to significant performance reductions, as indicated by comparisons of ultimate load and force–displacement responses. For transverse spacing, closer stud arrangements proved effective in reducing the likelihood of slip at the steel–concrete interface, enhancing composite action, and lowering stress concentrations. Additionally, reducing the transverse distance between studs allowed for the use of more shear connectors, increasing redundancy and enhancing performance, especially with grouped-stud connectors (GSCs).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15063095

Enhancing fire-resistant design of reinforced concrete beams by investigating the influence of reliability-based analysis

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Muayad Habashneh

Publication Name: Engineering Reports

Publication Date: 2024-10-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

A depth investigation into the impact of high temperatures on the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams in the case of probabilistic design is presented in this paper, employing advanced finite element analysis techniques. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap in the design of fire-resistant concrete structures, with specific emphasis on the function of concrete cover. The research aims to enhance the overall safety and reliability of concrete buildings under high temperature conditions by providing valuable insights into the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under thermal loading. The analysis incorporates reliability-based modeling to account for uncertainties in temperature distribution within the beams. A validated finite element model is employed to simulate the performance of reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures. By considering various concrete cover thicknesses and heat distribution scenarios, the influence of these factors on the load-bearing capacity is thoroughly examined. The results underscore the importance of augmenting the concrete cover to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the beams. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of temperature distribution uncertainties, unveiling diverse load capacities associated with different configurations of concrete cover.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12879

Plastic Limited Numerical Modelling on Contact Friction Effects of Steel–Concrete Connection for Composite Bridges

Oveys Ghodousian J. Szép Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Daniel Gosztola

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-09-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This research employs plastic limit analysis to examine load combinations, contact interactions, and friction effects on steel–concrete connections. A nonlinear finite element model was developed using ABAQUS 2021, incorporating the concrete damage plasticity model and contact friction interactions. The model’s validity was confirmed through laboratory experiments. Results indicate that contact elements and friction between the top flange, concrete slab, and studs significantly influence structural behavior. Unlike conventional push-out tests, real deck–slab connections exhibit different load-displacement responses due to the self-weight and additional loads, such as vehicular traffic. Under horizontal loading, extensive failures with large deformations along the studs occur, while vertically compressive loads lead to failures around the connections.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14092898

An Investigation of Historic Transportation Infrastructure Preservation and Improvement through Historic Building Information Modeling

J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi Nóra Géczy Rnin Salah

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2024-07-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Historical transportation infrastructures (HTIs) like railways and bridges are essential to our cultural heritage. However, the preservation and enhancement of these structures pose significant challenges due to their complex nature and the need for modern upgrades. Historic building information modeling (HBIM) has emerged as a solution, facilitating the documentation, restoration, and maintenance of historic transportation assets. The purpose of the proposed work is to provide a systematic review of research findings on the application of HBIM in historic transportation infrastructure, highlighting its role in capturing intricate architectural details and supporting decision making for preservation efforts. A series of case studies in which HBIM has been instrumental in preserving historic transportation infrastructure are investigated and analyzed using a comprehensive literature review method. Furthermore, future directions in HBIM research are proposed, identifying potential applications and recommending areas for further investigation. Additionally, this paper suggests HBIM’s potential to balance modernization demands with the conservation needs of historic transportation infrastructure, providing policymakers and stakeholders with insightful strategies for sustainable heritage management.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9070114

Innovative Design Techniques for Sinusoidal-Web Beams: A Reliability-Based Optimization Approach

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Muayad Habashneh Imre Cserpes

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Existing studies often rely on deterministic numerical analyses for structural models. However, test results consistently highlight uncertainties, particularly in variables such as magnitude of the applied load, geometrical dimensions, material randomness, and limited experiential data. As a response, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to probabilistic design models, recognizing their crucial role in accurately predicting structural performance. This study aims to integrate reliability-based analysis into the numerical modeling of sinusoidal-web steel beams. Two sinusoidal-web beams are considered. The web and the flange thicknesses, in addition to the magnitude of the applied load, are treated as random variables with mean values and standard deviations. Notably, the study demonstrates the efficiency of the reliability index as a governing limit in the analysis process. A detailed comparison between deterministic and probabilistic designs of sinusoidal-web beams is conducted, focusing on the impact of introducing the nature of randomness. Therefore, this study’s results deepen our understanding of how uncertainties significantly influence deformations and stresses.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14041051

Analysis of the Heating of Steel Structures During Fire Load

Dániel Balázs Merczel Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép László Bodnár

Publication Name: Emerging Science Journal

Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-16

Description:

During the preparation of our article, we present in detail the changes in the thermotechnical parameters of carbon steel and corrosion resistance during fire. After that, we present in detail the calculation of the heating of steel structures without fire protection. We feel this is important because it is not possible to provide stainless steel with fire protection for aesthetic reasons, and it is also not typical for thin-walled galvanized structures. We also present the calculation of structures with fire protection in detail and present the background for editing commonly used nomograms. Such a nomogram is also available in the literature, but it can be considered true with significant simplifications. During the practical planning, the applied fire protection regulations were highly standardized. Realizing that there is no design nomogram for these types of solutions, we created and published them in our article. The advantage of these is that the applicable design can also be found as the optimum of the designs considered to be potentially good. With this solution, we can save time during planning, and we can also get a more cost-effective solution for the fire protection cover. The advantage of the presented method is that, if required, the editing of the nomograms can be extended to other designs by knowing the material characteristics and the layer thickness. Another option of the presented method is that the solution can also be applied to special fire loads, and nomograms can be produced for them as well (e.g., hydrocarbon fires).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-01

Advanced Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Multi-Pass Welding Processes: Detailed Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Structural Elements

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Daniel Gosztola Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 823-828

Description:

The growing importance of numerical simulations in the welding industry stems from their ability to enhance structural performance and sustainability by ensuring optimal manufacturing conditions. The use of the finite element method (FEM) allows for detailed and precise calculations of the mechanical and material changes caused by the welding process. Acquiring knowledge of these parameters not only serves to augment the quality of the manufacturing process but also yields consequential benefits, such as reducing adverse effects. Consequently, the enhancement of structural performance and prolonged lifespan becomes achievable, aligning with overarching sustainability goals. To achieve this goal, this paper utilizes numerical simulations of welding processes based on experimental tests, with a specific focus on analyzing temperatures generated within the structures. In the finite element analysis (FEA), a total of 12 welding cycles were systematically modeled to align with experimental conditions, incorporating cooling intervals, preheating considerations, and the relevant section of the connecting concrete structure with studs. The outcomes of this research exemplify the potential of numerical simulation in the welding industry, demonstrating a diverse range of results achieved through FEA to enhance the quality of structures within the context of sustainability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114138

Experimental results of sliding and welding tests in a novel construction method for steel-concrete composite bridges

J. Szép Daniel Gosztola

Publication Name: Fib Symposium

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 923-930

Description:

The primary objective of this study is to introduce a novel construction method used for steel-concrete composite bridges. Throughout the article, domestic and international solutions and practices will be provided for various girder-prefabricated deck slab connections, as well as construction methods for steel-concrete composite bridges. The new bridge construction technology involves the construction of a prefabricated deck slab on-site, which is moved into its final position on the main girders. During prefabrication, a stud plate is positioned within the formwork, facilitating the sliding of the deck slab elements onto the girder. The upper flange and stud plate are joined by welding following the sliding of the deck parts. The key challenge for this technology is achieving a sufficiently low friction coefficient between the stud plate and the flange using a suitable material. However, it is imperative to identify a material that can be compatible with the welded connection. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of materials on the friction coefficients between steel plates and the welding of the connection. The ideal material has been identified through experiments to lower the coefficient of friction to 4-8% while the welded joint can be achieved.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

The Effect of the Friction Coefficient Between the Steel-Concrete Connection on the Horizontal Load Capacity

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Daniel Gosztola

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 143-150

Description:

This article presents experimental tests and numerical modeling of steelcomposite connections. The study considers the interaction and friction coefficient between the steel structure and concrete, as well as between the steel studs and concrete. The numerical model underwent validation through an iterative process, considering various friction coefficients. The friction coefficient between the structure and the concrete exerted the most significant impact on the load capacity. a new finite element model has been developed, with various friction coefficients between steel structure and concrete, and in this model, the concrete was also subjected to different vertical compression loads. A total of 25 numerical tests have been conducted, using various configurations of vertical load and friction coefficient parameters. It was observed that higher friction coefficients increase the impact of vertical forces on the horizontal load capacity. The friction coefficient can be increased through technological interventions, such as surface roughening techniques or the introduction of intermediate materials designed to elevate it.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240538

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE HALL STRUCTURES

J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi

Publication Name: Iet Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: 8

Page Range: 65-71

Description:

The examination of the environmental impact of buildings during the design process is becoming increasingly important nowadays. Since the geometry and materials of the building are chosen during the conceptual design phase, it is of paramount importance to explore alternative solutions during this stage, considering their significant effect on the building’s environmental footprint and performance later. The aim of this study is to compare the environmental impact of an industrial hall depending on the applied structural material and geometry. 48 different geometries were generated and evaluated using parametric design focusing on the first stage of the lifecycle. Regarding the material of the load-bearing structure, the prefabricated reinforced concrete hall exhibits a lower overall environmental impact compared to the steel structure of the same geometry. In terms of geometry, among the three spans examined (16.5, 18, and 20 meters), the largest span proves to be the most environmentally advantageous.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1049/icp.2024.2683

Numerical Modeling of Multi-Pass Arc Welding Processes: Integration with Experimental Validation for Distortion analysis and Characterization

J. Szép Marco Domaneschi M. Movahedi Rad Raffaele Cucuzza Daniel Gosztola Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 248-254

Description:

The increasing significance of numerical simulations in the welding industry arises from their capacity to improve manufacturing conditions, ensuring greater effectiveness and precision. The utilization of the finite element method (FEM) enables comprehensive and focused calculations of mechanical and material structural alterations induced by the welding process. Acquiring knowledge of these parameters not only serves to augment the quality of the manufacturing process but also yields consequential benefits, such as reducing adverse effects like base plate distortion. Consequently, enhancing structural performance and prolonging lifespan becomes achievable, aligning with overarching sustainability goals. To accomplish this objective, this paper involves the numerical simulation of a welding process based on experimental tests, with a focus on investigating the deformations caused by the heat generated during welding as the primary parameter of interest. Advanced modeling techniques are employed to assess the results as part of a comprehensive thermo-mechanical analysis framework, examining and characterizing the impact of the temperature distribution. In the finite element analysis (FEA), a total of 12 welding cycles were systematically modeled to align with experimental conditions, incorporating cooling intervals and preheating considerations. The outcomes of this research exemplify the potential of numerical simulation in the welding industry, demonstrating a diverse range of results achieved through FEA to enhance the quality of structures.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240552

Calculation of Heating of Reinforced Concrete Tunnel Wall During Fire

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 366-374

Description:

In this article, we present the thermal parameters of reinforced concrete tunnel lining materials and their changes during fire exposure. After describing the material properties, we present a test method to investigate the heating of reinforced concrete tunnel linings. As the presented method can only be considered as partially standard, we validate it on the basis of the available literature and our Excel program based on the presented theory. During the validation, it has been demonstrated that the method is suitable for solving practical professional tasks and that it is able to provide sufficiently accurate results. Since the results presented can be used not only for design purposes but also as an initial step in fire diagnostics to determine the extent of damage in fire-loaded tunnel walls, we also construct novel curves for the analysis of reinforced concrete walls, which can be used effectively for fire curves with cooling phase, where the accumulated temperature inside the wall further heats the zones inside and further residual strength loss may occur due to chemical processes in the zones. Based on the results of the model presented in this paper, designers can take into account the changes in the temperature distribution of the reinforced concrete tunnel wall, which have a decisive influence on the evolution of the internal forces due to external influences, and can calculate the magnitude of the stresses due to inhibited thermal expansion by using approximate models.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240568

Calculation of Thermal Stresses of Cast Iron Tubbings Under Fire Effect

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 431-437

Description:

This article builds on our existing knowledge of the heating of cast iron tunnel linings and deals with the structural analysis of tunnel linings under fire exposure. Due to space constraints, we do not address the issue of sizing for earth pressure and surface loads. Since the analysis of thermal stresses due to restrained deformations is insufficient in the available literature, we will try to complement the existing theoretical knowledge with the knowledge provided by the relevant standards for cast iron lining of tunnels. In addition, we will try to add our own individual reflections to the theory where we have identified gaps. The theoretical summary is compiled in such a way that it is easily transferable and applicable to everyday practice. Our finite element analysis shows that the value of the embedding factor has a small effect on the development of the axial constraint stresses in the tunnel direction, while in the ring direction has a significant effect. In all cases, stiffer embedding results in higher stress values. In all cases, the ring direction compressive stresses are lower than the longitudinal stresses due to the deformation of the tunnel ring. There is no literature data available on the value of the compressive stresses, so we have tried to provide some indicative data in tabular form for the profession. The solution adopted and the values proposed are based on the authors' individual ideas and are not the result of an accepted professional consensus. In all cases where more precise data are required, it is recommended that a more detailed study be carried out. Finite element modelling can provide the necessary support for designers and experts.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240576

Calculation Possibilities of the Local Fire Effect for the Examination of Bridge Superstructures

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 382-388

Description:

For the examination of bridge superstructures, there is no single standard method in the literature for the design of structures, and possibility for their diagnosis after fire damage. Designers often overcome this problem by examining the fire curves used for tunnel fires, as the materials feeding the combustion are considered to be very similar. In contrast, in some articles, the use of localised fires in design and control is suggested by the authors. This is a standard method used in Eurocode. To solve the problem, two methods must be applied. Heskestad's method describes the case where the flame does not reach the superstructure of the bridge, while Hasemi's method describes the case where the flame does. Heskestad's method is presented in the standard in a way that can be used by practising engineers. The great advantage of Hasemi's method is that it can quantify the effects of several localised fires, each one separate from the other. This feature is very useful for the fire design of, for example, covered car parks and bridge structures. In such a test, the total heat flow on the lower plane of the slab or superstructure can be interpreted as the sum of the heat flows from each local fire. The standard, on the other hand, it does not provide additional assistance to designers in solving the problem. That is way, he should be able to determine the temperature of the structural element, a method which is not provided for in the standard. This problem leads to a fourth degree equation, which again leaves the designer on his own to solve. There is no formula for solving the fourth degree equation. In this case, it becomes more useful to find a sufficiently accurate approximate solution (Newton's method) rather than an exact solution. In this article, we present in detail the possibilities of solving the local fire effect in order to enable practising engineers to use it.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240570

Elasto-plastic analysis and optimal design of composite integral abutment bridge extended with limited residual plastic deformation

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Sarah Khaleel Ibrahim Dániel Harrach Daniel Gosztola Ferenc Papp

Publication Name: Scientific Reports

Publication Date: 2023-12-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Due to the growing significance of structural theories concerning the composite structure analysed and designed plastically, this paper introduces a new optimisation method for controlling the plastic behaviour of a full-scale composite integral abutment bridge by employing complementary strain energy of residual forces that existed within the reinforcing rebars. Composite bridges are structures made of components such as steel and concrete, which are frequent and cost-effective building methods. Thus, various objective functions were used in this work when applying optimum elasto-plastic analysing and designing the composite integrated bridge structure that was tested experimentally in the laboratory. In contrast, the plastic deformations were constrained by restricting the complementary strain energy of the residual internal forces aiming to find the maximum applied load and the minimum number of steel bars used to reinforce the concrete column part of the structure. The numerical model employed in this paper was validated and calibrated using experimental results, which were considered inside ABAQUS to produce the validated numerical model, using concrete damage plasticity (CDP) constitutive model and concrete data from laboratory testing to solve the nonlinear programming code provided by the authors. This paper presents a novel optimization method using complementary strain energy to control the plastic behaviour of a full-scale composite integral abutment bridge, with the original contribution being the incorporation of residual forces within reinforcing rebars to limit plastic deformations. Following that, a parametric investigation of the various optimisation problems revealed how models performed variously under different complementary strain energy values, which influenced the general behaviour of the structure as it transitioned from elastic to elasto-plastic to plastic; also results showed how the complementary strain energy value is connected with the amount of damaged accrued in both concrete and steel.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32787-y

A Parametric BIM Framework to Conceptual Structural Design for Assessing the Embodied Environmental Impact

J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-08-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 15

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Decisions made in the early design stage have a significant effect on a building’s performance and environmental impact. In practice, a conceptual design is performed by an architect, while a structural engineer begins to work in later phases when the architectural concept has already evolved. However, the geometry and form of a building directly determine the type of structure and applicable materials; therefore, the conceptual design phase gives rise to examining alternative solutions. This paper presents a method for generating alternative structural solutions in the conceptual design phase and examining their embodied environmental impact by integrating parametric design and building information modeling (BIM). Rhinoceros and Grasshopper were used to develop the parametric script, which includes the generation of geometrical variations, the automatic definition of initial cross sections for the load-bearing elements based on in-built structural design approximations, the datasets for embodied environmental impact of the used building materials, the generation of life cycle inventory (LCI), the automatic calculation of life cycle assessment (LCA) results based on the geometry, and the conversion of the parametric model into building information model. The method was demonstrated using a case study of 48 different alternative solutions for an unheated warehouse made of steel frames. Based on the results, the areas with the greatest energy impact were identified. The case study analysis also illustrated that the applied cross section may have a significant effect on the impact categories. The results draw attention to the complexity of LCA calculations even in the case of a simple structure containing a limited number of variables, where parametric design can serve as an effective tool for a comprehensive environmental impact assessment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su151511990

Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Elevated Temperatures: A Probabilistic Approach Using Finite Element and Physical Models

J. Szép János Lógó M. Movahedi Rad Muayad Habashneh

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-04-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

A novel computational model is proposed in this paper considering reliability analysis in the modelling of reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures, by assuming that concrete and steel materials have random mechanical properties in which those properties are treated as random variables following a normal distribution. Accordingly, the reliability index is successfully used as a constraint to restrain the modelling process. A concrete damage plasticity constitutive model is utilized in this paper for the numerical models, and it was validated according to those data which were gained from laboratory tests. Detailed comparisons between the models according to different temperatures in the case of deterministic designs are proposed to show the effect of increasing the temperature on the models. Other comparisons are proposed in the case of probabilistic designs to distinguish the difference between deterministic and reliability-based designs. The procedure of introducing the reliability analysis of the nonlinear problems is proposed by a nonlinear code considering different reliability index values for each temperature case. The results of the proposed work have efficiently shown how considering uncertainties and their related parameters plays a critical role in the modelling of reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures, especially in the case of high temperatures.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su15076077

Structural Optimization of a Steel Truss for Sustainability in Parametric Environment – a Case Study

J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi G. Hajdú Kira Rodaeva

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 13-18

Description:

Although designing a structure is an iterative process by nature, a very limited number of iterations can be done with the traditional methods to reach the near-optimal solution. However, with the development of information technologies, the usage of parametric design in the construction industry has expanded. This paper aims to show the potential benefits of implementing parametric design and optimization techniques in the early structural design process. For this purpose, a simple parametric model of a steel frame with a truss roof system was created and then optimized for minimum mass and a given floor area. The case study demonstrated that the application of parametric design can reduce the Global Warming Potential of the structure by 7.6 % by optimizing the geometry and the cross-sections, leading to a more sustainable solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107003

Advanced Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Welding Processes: Stochastic representation of parameters for Improved Fabrication

J. Szép M. Movahedi Rad Muayad Habashneh Daniel Gosztola Péter Grubits

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 619-624

Description:

Numerical simulations play a pivotal role in advancing fabrication processes and welding technologies, enabling the pursuit of sustainable practices. By employing the finite element method, crucial insights regarding welded specimens can be derived, encompassing deformed shapes, residual stresses, and even microstructural properties such as phase proportions and hardness. This study focuses on the modeling framework of welding processes, emphasizing the influence of various welding parameters on sustainable outcomes, including reduced environmental impact and enhanced resource efficiency. The investigation delves into the characterization of heat sources, accounting for temperature-dependent material properties and developing a comprehensive thermo-mechanical analysis. By incorporating sustainability considerations and utilizing our Finite Element (FE) model, we conducted further analysis to elucidate the stability behavior, aligning with sustainable objectives. By considering welding current, arc voltage, and welding speed as random variables with mean values and standard deviations, the study aims to identify a model that effectively accounts for the inherent randomness of the welding process. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable welding practices by merging numerical simulations, advanced modeling techniques, and sustainability principles. The outcomes of this study have the potential to inform industry stakeholders and decision-makers about the most effective strategies for achieving sustainable welding processes and minimizing the ecological footprint of the welding operations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107104

The Concept of BENIP – Built Environment Information Platform

Balázs Horváth J. Szép Attila Borsos

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 2023

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 29-34

Description:

The built environment and its components require a continuous and uninterrupted flow of information between its various players. In this paper a conceptual framework is proposed describing the role of these players as well as the nature of the links between them. The authors introduce a new term, a conceptual framework which can be used as a platform called BENIP (Built ENvironment Information Platform).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2023.SI-IODCR.5

The Impact of Cement Aggregates on the Fire Resistance Properties of Concrete and its Ecological Footprint

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép Szigeti Cecília

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 337-342

Description:

The strength properties of concrete are significantly influenced by the type of binder used. In the case of cement, the use of cement-containing admixtures (CEM II) is becoming increasingly popular from a durability and environmental point of view. The first question was how cements containing different admixtures behave and how their compressive strength changes under high temperatures (fire). First, the experiments were carried out with the cement tests, and then the concrete specimens were checked for the extent to which the addition of admixtures modifies the favourable effect measured for cement. Under thermal loading, the value of the residual compressive strength of the cement paste increased with the addition of the admixture content. The results of the compressive strength test and the developed crack patterns were consistent with each other. The most severe cracking was observed in the Portland cement specimens, and the decrease in strength was also the most significant. Based on the results of the cement tests, several types of cement were used for the concrete tests. The second research question was: Which concrete recipe has the lowest specific ecological footprint? Therefore, for each formulation, the specific ecological footprint is crucially influenced by the type and amount of substitute used, as their specific CO2 emissions are typically lower than those of Portland cement. Based on our previous studies, a reduction in the specific ecological footprint of up to 10 % can be achieved by using substitutes. The novelty of our research lies in the combined use of fire resistance and ecological aspects, which helps to select a formulation with better technical properties and, at the same time, more sustainable.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107057

The effect of macrostructure and stability on the flammability of non-woven fabrics

Éva Lublóy Katalin Kopecskó J. Szép Zsuzsanna Kerekes

Publication Name: Journal of Industrial Textiles

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 5_suppl

Page Range: 8472-8489

Description:

The most flame retardants and non-combustible non-woven fabrics are made of oxidized and carbon fibres due to their strong thermal stability. The burning of non-woven fabrics consists of complex combustion mechanisms: their surface, micro and macrostructures together define their combustion features. By microstructure, we mean oxidized polyacrylicnitrile fibres, which finally constitute the base material of the macrostructure. The macrostructure represents the different forms of the product, in which the material results during production. In this paper, the effect of the macrostructure of non-woven fabrics on flammability has been studied. It has experimentally shown that by defining the oxygen index, we can demonstrate the surface and thickness inhomogeneity, which is invisible or cannot be detected by mechanical tests. A feature of non-combustible non-woven fabrics is that their flammability depends on their thickness and area weight; however, the combustion phenomena of felt fabrics depend primarily on their macrostructure. Different oxygen contents have different combustion phenomena, thus an oxygen index can be assigned to each one. Thermoanalytical test results clearly showed the temperature at which the thermal decomposition of the fibres begins, which gives the surface flame when combusted.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1177/1528083720908803

Integration of BIM in architecture and structural engineering education through common projects

Tamás Horváth J. Szép Kitti Karolyfi Dóra Szalai

Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis

Publication Date: 2021-11-24

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Page Range: 424-439

Description:

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most significant developments in architecture and civil engineering in recent years, therefore it becomes increasingly important to promote its integration into university education. Currently, several universities worldwide offer BIM courses in architecture and civil engineering programs, while many others are under the process of integrating BIM into their curricula. The goal of this research is the implementation of BIM into higher education (Széchenyi István University, Hungary) by integrating the architectural, structural, and mechanical engineering disciplines. An important advantage of the university is that the architecture and civil engineering programs belong to the same faculty, which allows students to work together on common projects. A new course was performed in the previous semester, in which the students are designing contemporary buildings as case studies. In this paper, the results of the integration process are presented and evaluated based on the trainers’ and students’ experiences.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14513/actatechjaur.00641

Modeling of soil-stucture interaction in bridge design

J. Szép R. Szepeshazi

Publication Name: Icsmge 2017 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 2017-September

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 859-862

Description:

In bridge design use of integrated models for analysing of substructure (including foundation) and subsoil together with superstructure is quite rare, a separated approach using two interconnected models is more often. In this paper we present methods to use in structural modeling for modeling substructure, foundation and soil with emphasis on piles. In the simplest method prescribed displacements are applied on rigid supports to represent all the effects of pile foundation and surrounding soil. An advanced approach is the use of springs for modelling their complex response. Some designers include the piles in the superstructure model too, and require spring parameters for modeling the soil beside each pile element. We present how to determine spring characteristics for these approaches based on traditional analytical geotechnical consideration or force-displament curves measured or simulated. Another probably a better way could be to represent the entire support response in the superstructure modeling, especially in the case of abutments. The complex interactions can be analysed only by advanced geotechnical FEM modeling and the results can be used for deriving of simplified spring parameters as shown in this paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Modeling laterally loaded piles

J. Szép

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2013-08-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: 117-129

Description:

Single row pile groups are gaining popularity as foundation system for both buildings and bridges. They are a reasonable and economical solutions for structures with low vertical loads e.g. bridge abutments. The lateral resistance of a pile group is the result of contact pressure between the individual pile shafts and the soil. When designing this kind of structure, the estimation of displacements and bending moments is the main focus of the calculation. In most cases single piles are modeled by assuming a Winkler material. For their calculations, designers typically employ one of the commonly-used structural FEM codes (e.g. AxisVM, Fem-Design). On the other hand, advanced, truly 3D FEM packages (like MIDAS GTS, Plaxis 3D) are available, allowing for realistic modeling of the soil environment and soil-structure interaction. As an intermediate solution, packages based on traditional approaches are also available (GEO5, CGU). In this paper, results obtained using three different calculation methods and packages are compared.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.8.2013.2.13

Integrating nonlinear pile behavior with standard structural engineering software

J. Szép R. P. Ray

Publication Name: 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics Icsmge 2013

Publication Date: 2013-01-01

Volume: 4

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2869-2872

Description:

It is common in the practice of bridge design to analyze the superstructure, substructure, and foundation components separately. Applying this kind of modeling, soil-structure interaction effects can only be approximated with moderate accuracy. The foundation stiffness can greatly influence the internal forces, stresses, and displacements of superstructure. This is especially true for portal frame and integral bridges. Better modeling of soil-structure interaction can use three-dimensional geotechnical FEM programs, where the true soil-stucture environment can be analyzed. It is possible to use nonlinear constitutive models; capable of modeling soil behavior accurately, however it is difficult, time consuming, and costly in day-to-day practice.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Conservative Method for the Calculation of Thermal Forces in Reinforced Concrete Tunnel Wall During Fire

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 455-463

Description:

This article builds on the author's existing knowledge of the heating of reinforced concrete tunnel linings and deals with the structural analysis of tunnel linings under fire exposure. Due to space constraints, the issue of designing for earth pressure and surface loads is not address. Since the analysis of thermal stresses due to restrained deformations is insufficient in the available literature, we complement the existing theoretical knowledge with the knowledge provided by the relevant standards for reinforced concrete tunnel linings. In addition, we add our own individual reflections to the theory where we have identified gaps. In determining the additional stresses due to inhibited thermal expansion, we use a numerical model based on our own ideas. The reason for this is that the heating of reinforced concrete tunnel lining during fire is extremely uneven and it is almost impossible to take this into account in the finite element programs commonly used. The other important reason is that this uneven temperature change that causes the colder zones of the wall to inhibit deformation. Thus, a solution implemented in MS Excel environment is presented, which allows an approximate accurate determination of the force effects due to inhibited deformation. The solution used and the values proposed are based on the authors' individual ideas and are not the result of an accepted professional consensus. In all cases where more precise data are required, it is recommended that a more accurate test be carried out. Advanced finite element modelling can provide the necessary support for designers and experts.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240579

The Ecological Footprint and Fire Resistance of Concrete Mixtures

Éva Lublóy Zoltán Major J. Szép Szigeti Cecília

Publication Name: Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems

Publication Date: 2025-09-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Page Range: 1-13

Description:

Different types of binders can significantly affect the strength properties of concrete. The use of cement-containing admixtures is becoming more widespread in the building industry when considering durability and environmental impact. This paper examines how different types of cement containing different admixtures behave. How the compressive strength of concrete changes under elevated temperature, and which concrete mixture has the lowest CO2 emission. To determine the strength parameters, test specimens of 150x150x150 mm and 70x70x250 mm were prepared from the concrete mixtures. After heating and cooling, they were broken, thereby determining the compressive and flexural-tensile strength values. The ecological footprint was calculated for each mixture, which is substantially influenced by specific parameters for example the type and amount of substitute materials. These materials typically have lower CO2 emissions than Portland cement. The novelty of this research lies in the combined investigation of the changing compressive strength of concrete at elevated temperatures and its sustainability. The change in the formulation resulted in a saving of the emission of ~10% (43.22 kgCO2e emissions) compared to the reference value. The importance of reducing the ecological footprint is demonstrated by the authors using a case study of the Gotthard tunnel.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d13.0597