Parametric Design (PD), Generative Design (GD), and Building Information Modelling (BIM) have emerged as transformative tools in the construction industry, offering significant potential for design optimisation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and data-driven decision making. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current state of PD, GD, and BIM integration, highlighting practical applications and identifying research gaps. In addition to mapping the academic discourse, the review also highlights selected practical implementations from existing literature to illustrate how these technologies are being translated into applied workflows. Furthermore, the methodology section critically reflects on the limitations of the keyword-based search strategy and suggests future directions to mitigate potential literature gaps. While many studies demonstrate efficiency gains in early design phases, the integration of these technologies across the full building lifecycle remains limited. Key challenges include insufficient interoperability between platforms, lack of standardisation, and minimal adoption of GD-BIM combinations in construction and logistics. Furthermore, few studies address the regulatory compliance and real-world scalability of AI-assisted generative models. The review concludes that although these digital methods can accelerate innovation and sustainability, their practical implementation requires further research in construction management, code-based automation, and human-in-the-loop design workflows.

Due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the significant environmental impact associated with the construction, execution, operation, and renovation of buildings, sustainability is receiving growing emphasis in the construction industry. The short- and long-term environmental impact of a building is influenced by numerous factors: during the design phase, for example, location, geometry, materials used, and building services systems play a key role, but the methods applied during construction, the logistical aspects, the organization and quality of operational and maintenance processes, as well as waste management during renovation or demolition at the end of the building's life cycle are also of great importance. This study explores how parametric modelling and BIM can be integrated to support sustainable building design and practices. This literature review presents modern procedures and toolsets applicable in the design, construction, operation, and demolition/renovation phases of buildings, and identifies current research trends, gaps, and challenges. The review highlights that the integration of Building Information Modelling BIM and parametric modelling provides significant opportunities for improving sustainability performance throughout the building life cycle. In the design and construction phases, these tools enable optimisation of energy use, material efficiency, and embodied carbon reduction, while in operation and refurbishment, they support data-driven maintenance and circular material management. The findings indicate that despite rapid technological development, major challenges remain in interoperability, standardisation, and the integration of social and economic sustainability indicators.

The long-term performance and environmental impact of buildings are significantly influenced by decisions made during the initial design phase. Moreover, the conceptual and schematic design stages are where modifications can be implemented with the lowest cost implications and the greatest ease. Therefore, these phases play a crucial role in the exploration, evaluation, and comparison of various alternatives, facilitating the creation of more sustainable buildings. In this study, we propose the development of a decision-support framework that leverages the advantages of integrating parametric design with the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology. While parametric design enables the rapid generation of alternatives by modifying either geometric or non-geometric parameters, the application of database-linked models and BIM methodology allows for various analyses and simulations, such as energy performance, sustainability, and structural assessments. By evaluating the results obtained and optimizing the data, an efficient decision-support tool can be established.