There has been a substantial amount of research done on air pollution, both in terms of its history and its state at the present time. On the other hand, the ever–changing influence of climatic variables such as sun hour, air pressure, and wind speed has gotten just a small portion of the attention. This divide becomes even more apparent when one considers the ongoing conflicts that are taking place between Russia and Ukraine as well as the current state of the environment's response to climate change. In order to bridge this research gap, the goal of this study is to explore the ways in which climatological factors impact air quality, especially levels of PM2.5 and ozone, in a range of cities situated in India, during 2020–2021. Studies conducted over brief and extended periods of time have made it abundantly evident that sun hour, wind speed, and humidity have an impact on ozone levels. The study also sheds light on prospective policies that may be implemented in the future, such as those relating to carbon emission and particulate pollution such as PM2.5, in order to successfully battle the negative impacts that these variables have on the environment.

The nexus between economic development and mineral rent across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) is empirically tested by using multiple threshold panel analysis. This paper focuses on the association and correlation among Mineral Rents (% of GDP) and Gross Domestic Product per capita along with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade, and Renewable Energy Consumption per Capita, by using the data sets for the period 1994–2021. Dynamic Liner Model and Double Threshold models are used for empirical testing of the above variables. The Dynamic Liner Model identified the positive influence of trade and FDI on mineral rent; and the Double Threshold models identified the negative influence of GDP, trade, and FDI on mineral rent. The findings contribute to the literature about mineral rent and economic growth. Moreover, the findings of this paper help in planning policies and interventions for inclusive and sustainable economic development, GDP enhancement, promotion of trade, and FDI in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) by considering mineral rent management. This paper also recommends considering the mineral rent taxation, mineral royalty, mine-community conflicts, corruption, institutional development, politics, and environmental issues before policy implementation and reforms related to economic development, GDP enhancement, promotion of trade, and FDI in BRICS.