Lajos Fehér

57877400700

Publications - 5

Creep behaviour of day-old chicken corrugated paperboard packaging under different uniaxial compression loads—An experimental study

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Packaging Technology and Science

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 37

Issue: 1

Page Range: 51-63

Description:

One of the most important elements for animal transportation is the packaging that ensures the safety and health of the transit. During the transport of live small animals, such as day-old chickens, the animals may only stay in the boxes for a very limited period, in this case, 48 h. Therefore, it is important to be able to model the strength behaviour of these boxes concerning packaging material requirements and sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the short- and relatively long-term strength of day-old chicken packages to better estimate packaging design and to use these data to establish an analytical creep model with suitable parameters that adequately approximate the measured data. Two types of packages were tested, and two types of creep models were used to model the creep strain-time graphs. The creep behaviour of the two samples was tested at four different uniaxial load cases, with consistent environmental conditions during the tests (23°C and 50% relative humidity [RH]). At the two highest loads, both samples failed before the 48-h cycle, indicating a significant difference in box strength between short-term and long-term load tests. The secondary creep strain rate increases with the magnitude of the compressive load. When comparing the two creep models for both box types, the Power law provided the best accuracy at the 50% of box compression test (BCT) load case, while at the other three load cases, the Andrade law showed better predictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/pts.2780

Compressive Strength of Corrugated Paperboard Packages with Low and High Cutout Rates: Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Damian Mrówczyński Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The finite element method is a widely used numerical method to analyze structures in virtual space. This method can be used in the packaging industry to determine the mechanical properties of corrugated boxes. This study aims to create and validate a numerical model to predict the compression force of corrugated cardboard boxes by considering the influence of different cutout configurations of sidewalls. The types of investigated boxes are the following: the width and height of the boxes are 300 mm in each case and the length dimension of the boxes varied from 200 mm to 600 mm with a 100 mm increment. The cutout rates were 0%, 4%, 16%, 36%, and 64% with respect to the total surface area of sidewalls of the boxes. For the finite element analysis, a homogenized linear elastic orthotropic material model with Hill plasticity was used. The results of linear regressions show very good estimations to the numerical and experimental box compression test (BCT) values in each tested box group. Therefore, the numerical model can give a good prediction for the BCT force values from 0% cutout to 64% cutout rates. The accuracy of the numerical model decreases a little when the cutout rates are high. Based on the results, this paper presents a numerical model that can be used in the packaging design to estimate the compression strength of corrugated cardboard boxes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma16062360

The Effect of Side Wall Cutout Sizes on Corrugated Box Compression Strength in the Function of Length-to-Width Ratios—An Experimental Study

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2022-07-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 14

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Packaging made from corrugated cardboard is a widely used solution in modern supply chains for the handling, storage and distribution of goods. These packages are required to maintain adequate protection conditions; however, in many cases, the cardboard box dimensions, handles and/or ventilation holes, quality and their configuration could compromise its protection strength. This study observes and evaluates the performance of corrugated cardboard boxes made with B-flute boards by considering different cutout sizes from the side walls (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) in various box length–width ratios of 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm and 600 mm in length and a constant 300 mm width and height. Box compression tests were performed in a laboratory, and results were compared with mathematical statistics. In each cutout case, the maximum compression force was observed with the box with dimensions of 400 × 300 × 300 mm. The measurement results showed that the 1.33 length-to-width ratio has the best maximum compression force result. The statistical tests showed that there is no significant difference between the 0% and 20% cutout groups.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app12146939

The Effect of Rectangle Shaped Cutouts of Corrugated Paperboard Packages on Compressive Strength of Boxes

Péter Böröcz Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 81-87

Description:

Corrugated paperboard boxes are widely used as packaging in logistics processes. Corrugated boxes must have adequate strength to ensure proper protection of the product. In many cases, the product will require cutouts in the side walls of the boxes. These significantly affect the strength behavior of the box which can be determined by measurements and various models. The aim of this study is to determine the compressive strength of corrugated cardboard boxes of different sizes and different rectangle shaped cutouts formed on them. Five different box dimensions and five different cutout rates were investigated. Box compression tests were carried out to obtain the compression force result of the boxes. The results of these measurements were compared with the box compression force estimation formulas. Two types of McKee formula were used for the comparison that are commonly used in industry. The complete and the simplified McKee formulas are the used models in this study. The constant parameters for both McKee formulas was calculated for each cutout rates. For higher cutout ratios the accuracy of both the simplified and the complete McKee formula increases. In three groups at 0%, 4% and 16% cutouts the fitted complete and simplified McKee formulas predict the BCT results with significant differences. It can be observed that neither the complete nor the simplified McKee formula is able to account for changes in compression force due to variations in box size for any cutout category.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240530

Compression Strength Estimation of Corrugated Board Boxes for a Reduction in Sidewall Surface Cutouts—Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Corrugated cardboard boxes are generally used in modern supply chains for the handling, storage, and distribution of numerous goods. These packages require suitable strength to maintain adequate protection within the package; however, the presence and configuration of any cutouts on the sidewalls significantly influence the packaging costs and secondary paperboard waste. This study aims to evaluate the performance of CCBs by considering the influence of different cutout configurations of sidewalls. The compression strength of various B-flute CCB dimensions (200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 m, and 600 mm in length, with the same width and height of 300 mm), each for five cutout areas (0%, 4%, 16%, 36%, and 64%) were experimentally observed, and the results were compared with the McKee formula for estimation. The boxes with cutout areas of 0%, 4%, 16%, 36%, and 64% showed a linear decreasing tendency in compression force. A linear relationship was found between compression strength and an increase in cutout sizes. Packages with 0% and 4% cutouts did not show significant differences in compression strength (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this study shows a possible way to modify the McKee estimation for such boxes after obtaining empirical test data since the McKee formula works with a relatively high error rate on corrugated cardboard boxes with sidewall cutouts. Utilizing the numerical and experimental results, a favorable estimation map can be drawn up for packaging engineers to better manage material use and waste. The results of the study showed that the McKee formula does not appropriately estimate the box compression strength for various cutout sizes in itself.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma16020597