A significant majority of engineering professionals think that the technical and technological achievements of the fourth industrial revolution can provide an appropriate framework for the realisation of road transport based on autonomous mobility, assuming that a suitable legal, social and infrastructural background is ensured. Artificial intelligence (AI), the technological prerequisite of autonomous mobility, along with robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT) will result in a paradigm shift in many fields of our life and of the economy (Ződi 2018), and will reshape our current idea on road transport. Autonomous mobility based on artificial intelligence will have many benefits. For example, it will promote mobility of elderly or ill people, or people who are unable or have a limited ability to drive. Environmental pollution will be reduced, cities will be more liveable, the expected economic growth and other resultant economic advantages will be significant, and the efficiency of transport will be improved. Among the benefits, the considerable improvement of road safety will be of special importance. The European Union aspires to play a globally-leading role in the introduction of connected and automated mobility, in order to realise the ambitious goal set in the White Paper of 2011 (the Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area), in particular to halve the number of road fatalities in the European Union by 2030 and to reach zero fatalities by 2050. The elimination of human errors such as driving without due care and attention, driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs etc., which account for 93-94% of road accidents require the realisation of autonomous mobility powered by artificial intelligence.