The study examines the challenges and opportunities of digital transformation and methodological renewal in higher education in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). It points out that although the modernization of education has long been on the agenda, systemic changes have so far only been implemented in isolated cases. The VUCA nature of the global socio-economic environment, the transformation of labor market expectations, the technological revolution, and the new learning habits of Generations Z and Alpha are pushing for the traditional, frontal, and knowledge-centric education model to be surpassed. The author presents the intellectual, physical, social, and emotional shortcomings of the current learning environment, as well as the structural problems in teacher training that hinder renewal. The study describes in detail the system of 21st-century skills and competencies and their relevance to the labor market, emphasizing the increasing importance of analytical thinking, creativity, and social collaboration. Active, cooperative, and project-based learning based on constructivist and connectivist approaches, as well as the use of blended learning environments, are presented as central elements of methodological innovation.