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Found 6327 publications

Lindbladian route towards thermalization of a Luttinger liquid

Ádám Bácsi Balázs Dóra Balázs Dóra

Publication Name: Physical Review B

Publication Date: 2023-03-15

Volume: 107

Issue: 12

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Luttinger liquid after a simultaneous quantum quench of the interaction and dissipative quench to the environment within the realm of the Lindblad equation. When the couplings to the environment satisfy detailed balance, the system is destined to thermalize, which we follow using bosonization. The thermodynamic entropy of the system, which also encodes information about the entanglement with the environment, either exhibits a maximum and minimum or grows monotonically before reaching its thermal value in a universal fashion. The single-particle density matrix reveals interesting features in the spatiotemporal "phase diagram,"including thermal, prethermal, and dissipation enhanced sudden quench Luttinger liquid behavior, as well as dissipation, enhanced Fermi liquid response.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.107.125149

A comparative study of local scour depth around bridge piers

Muhanad Al-Jubouri R. P. Ray

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2023-03-07

Volume: 18

Issue: 1

Page Range: 100-105

Description:

Scour is the leading cause of bridge collapse beneath any bridge pier located within the waterway. A numerical-based hydraulic model named the Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System and a mathematical model of the Florida Department of Transport were implemented to investigate their performance and accuracy in estimating the maximum scour depth beneath bridge piers where large and small-scale physical prototypes are used as a benchmark. The main findings are that a hydraulic model is an effective tool when employing the Colorado State University equation, which compares well with physical prototypes irrespective of the variation in piers' size and shape. Also, it has achieved more consistent results than the Froehlich and the Florida Department of Transport methodologies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2022.00649

Dynamic behavior of gravity segmental retaining walls

Rashad Alsirawan Ammar N. Alnmr

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2023-03-07

Volume: 18

Issue: 1

Page Range: 94-99

Description:

This work aims to highlight gravity segmental retaining walls with their varied advantages. The paper investigates the dynamic behavior analysis of segmental retaining walls. The stability analysis is conducted on the basis of a pseudo-static Mononobe-Okabe theory that provides safety factors against sliding and overturning failure. The results demonstrate that the crucial safety factor of internal stability is the safety factor against overturning. Moreover, the positive wall inclination angle contributes to an improvement in the stability of the segmental retaining walls and the effect of the vertical seismic coefficient on the stability can be disregarding. Finally, a new equation is proposed for the elementary design of the segmental retaining walls.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2022.00722

The Political Elite's Thematic Framing of China in Recent Central European Elections

László Csicsmann Jan Hornat Joanna Starzyk-Sulejewska

Publication Name: Issues and Studies

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 59

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

China is geographically distant from Central European states, but cultural, economic and political exchanges between the regions are increasing. As such, the perception of China in these societies is susceptible to frames and narratives that are either instrumentally or organically created by local political elites. This paper aims to scrutinize the narratives and frames employed in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland during their most recent election cycles. It identifies five basic types of frames employed in the selected countries: sovereignty, opportunity, the balance of trade, debt-traps and human rights. This paper then concludes by evaluating these thematic frames and summarizes the key similarities in public discourses concerning relations with China.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1142/S1013251123500029

Numerical study to investigate the viscous characteristic length on reconstructed porous media

H. Szűcs

Publication Name: Alexandria Engineering Journal

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 66

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 269-286

Description:

Until now, no general numerical method has been published for characterizing the viscous characteristic length, although there is a high demand to assist whole vehicle development with accurate geometric parameters. A new formula was proposed to determine the viscous characteristic length (Λ) directly based on the viscous dissipation work, which was combined with the general definition of the characteristic length. This new expression facilitated significantly faster convergence than the known formula (Johnson) for inviscid fluids by representing viscous fluids through the material sample. The complete CFD simulation procedure was introduced based on the solution of Navier-Stokes equations. The novel expression is capable of any homogeneous material samples assuming that high-resolution reconstruction can be carried out, compared to Johnson's formula, which is limited to idealized cases. Good agreement between simulation and measurement results was found by applying fluid velocity instead of frequency. It was found that viscous losses dominate not only inside the pore connections but also in other regions, and the Reynolds number must be limited to the laminar regime. On that basis, the implemented model has more advantages against measurements and Johnson's formula, like the repeatability as well as ensuring analyses under steady-state and real conditions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2022.11.022

Testing Road Vehicle User Interfaces Concerning the Driver’s Cognitive Load

Peter Foldesi Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Mykola Sysyn Gabor Kovacs Dmytro Kurhan Viktor Nagy

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper investigates the usability of touch screens used in mass production road vehicles. Our goal is to provide a detailed comparison of conventional physical buttons and capacitive touch screens taking the human factor into account. The pilot test focuses on a specific Non-driving Related Task (NDRT): the control of the on-board climate system using a touch screen panel versus rotating knobs and push buttons. Psychological parameters, functionality, usability and, the ergonomics of In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) were evaluated using a specific questionnaire, a system usability scale (SUS), workload assessment (NASA-TLX), and a physiological sensor system. The measurements are based on a wearable eye-tracker that provides fixation points of the driver’s gaze in order to detect distraction. The closed road used for the naturalistic driving study was provided by the ZalaZONE Test Track, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary. Objective and subjective results of the pilot study indicate that the control of touch screen panels causes higher visual, manual, and cognitive distraction than the use of physical buttons. The statistical analysis demonstrated that conventional techniques need to be complemented in order to better represent human behavior differences.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures8030049

Systems Engineering Based Sustainability Improvement in Automotive Product Development

Péter Németh Tamás Kolossváry Péter Németh

Publication Name: Journal of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 2

Issue: 1

Page Range: 53-60

Description:

Affected by new trends, automobile companies have altered stakeholder requirements on their main product-the automobile. With enactment of new regulations concerning sustainability, new features appeared quickly, such as electrification, sharing services, autonomous mobility and so on. In this study, we present sustainability as a stakeholder and analyze the method of its realization in Systems Engineering (SE) based product development. Formula SAE provides a validated setting to conduct experiments on integrating sustainability into the classical product requirement architectures. By taking into consideration the use of SE or adding other methodological frameworks, findings can establish a new setting in sustainability research. The results of this study may be enlightening for scholars and practitioners and calls for further research on embedding sustainability requirements in automotive product development by using SE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.56578/jemse020103

High-Nitrate-Supply-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of Ascorbic Acid Biosynthetic and Recycling Pathways in Cucumber

Erzsébet Kiss-Bába Anita Szegő István Papp Iman Mirmazloum Márta Gyöngyik Neda Hesari Henriett Kolozs Dominika Vasas Zsolt Pónya

Publication Name: Plants

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Nowadays open field and protected vegetable cultivation practices require and use genotypes which are precisely tailored to their intended growth environments. Variability of this kind provides a rich source of material to uncover molecular mechanisms supporting the necessarily divergent physiological traits. In this study, typical field-optimized and glasshouse-cultivated cucumber F1 hybrids were investigated, and displayed slower growth (‘Joker’) and faster growth (‘Oitol’) in seedlings. Antioxidant capacity was lower in ‘Joker’ and higher in ‘Oitol’, pointing to a potential redox regulation of growth. The growth response of seedlings to paraquat treatment indicated stronger oxidative stress tolerance in the fast-growing ‘Oitol’. To test whether protection against nitrate-induced oxidative stress was also different, fertigation with increasing potassium nitrate content was applied. This treatment did not change growth but decreased the antioxidant capacities of both hybrids. Bioluminescence emission revealed stronger lipid peroxidation triggered by high nitrate fertigation in the leaves of ‘Joker’ seedlings. To explore the background of the more effective antioxidant protection of ‘Oitol’, levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), as well as transcriptional regulation of relevant genes of the Smirnoff–Wheeler biosynthetic pathway and ascorbate recycling, were investigated. Genes related to AsA biosynthesis were strongly upregulated at an elevated nitrate supply in ‘Oitol’ leaves only, but this was only reflected in a small increase in total AsA content. High nitrate provision also triggered expression of ascorbate–glutathion cycle genes with stronger or exclusive induction in ‘Oitol’. AsA/dehydro–ascorbate ratios were higher in ‘Oitol’ for all treatments, with a more pronounced difference at high nitrate levels. Despite strong transcriptional upregulation of ascorbate peroxidase genes (APX) in ‘Oitol’, APX activity only increased significantly in ‘Joker’. This suggests potential inhibition of APX enzyme activity specifically in ‘Oitol’ at a high nitrate supply. Our results uncover an unexpected variability in redox stress management in cucumbers, including nitrate inducibility of AsA biosynthetic and recycling pathways in certain genotypes. Possible connections between AsA biosynthesis, recycling and nitro-oxidative stress protection are discussed. Cucumber hybrids emerge as an excellent model system for studying the regulation of AsA metabolism and the roles of AsA in growth and stress tolerance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/plants12061292

Effect of Rolling Resistance Model Parameters on 3D DEM Modeling of Coarse Sand Direct Shear Test

Majid Movahedi Rad M. Amine Benmebarek

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper deals with the micro and macro behaviors of coarse sand inside a direct shear box during a geotechnical test. A 3D discrete element method (DEM) model of the direct shear of sand was performed using sphere particles to explore the ability of the rolling resistance linear contact model to reproduce this commonly used test considering real-size particles. The focus was on the effect of the interaction of the main contact model parameters and particle size on maximum shear stress, residual shear stress, and sand volume change. The performed model was calibrated and validated with experimental data and followed by sensitive analyses. It is shown that the stress path can be reproduced appropriately. For a high coefficient of friction, the peak shear stress and volume change during the shearing process were mainly affected by increasing the rolling resistance coefficient. However, for a low coefficient of friction, shear stress and volume change were marginally affected by the rolling resistance coefficient. As expected, varying the friction and rolling resistance coefficients was found to have less influence on the residual shear stress.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma16052077