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Energy Efficient Drive Management of Lightweight Urban Vehicle

Zoltan Pusztai Ferenc Szauter Ferenc Friedler

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 103

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 253-258

Description:

In this paper, the energy saving effect of optimized driving strategy is presented and compared to human driving strategy. The driving strategy of a one-seated experimental electric vehicle is investigated and optimized in this study, where the objective function of optimization is the minimization of the consumed energy. Measurement-based vehicle model is used during the optimization process. The initialization and constraints of optimization are set up by analyzing the acquired vehicle data of the driver. The analyzation is done using a transform algorithm, making the initialization of optimization automated. Genetic algorithm is used with mixed initial population acquired from measured driving data and from creation function. Using this hybrid initial population helped to decrease the time of optimization. The resulted velocity profile of the optimized driving strategy was used in field test measurements, where 4.28% energy savings was achieved compared to the results prior to optimization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23103043

Are Corporate Energy Saving Measures Effective? - Lessons from a Small Sample Analysis in Hungary

Eszter Szemerédi László Jóna

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 397-402

Description:

The European Union has set a climate neutrality goal that requires all member countries to reduce their energy consumption. In 2021, businesses accounted for approximately one-quarter of the EU's energy consumption therefore, they play a significant role in its reduction. Hungary has taken steps to encourage companies to improve their energy efficiency, mandating large consumer companies to perform annual energy audits and publish their results. Our research focuses on the results of energy efficiency measures implemented by these large consumer companies. Based on online energy reports that were readily available, we analysed the energy performance of companies with more than 1,000 employees between 2017 and 2021. Data narrowing resulted in a sample of 24 companies that are not considered representative, but their analysis indicates that low-cost employee awareness-raising and lighting upgrades were the most used efficiency measures. Results show that energy savings resulting from lighting modernisation ranged from 11 to 844 GJ per year, while savings from cooling/heating modernisation ranged from 4,7 to 47,000 GJ per year. By modernising building systems such as ventilation, the studied companies achieved energy savings ranging from 10 to 403 GJ. The annual energy savings achieved through production modernisation ranged from 972 to 510,435 GJ. Due to the inconsistencies in the data, our analysis also highlighted the importance of stricter monitoring and establishing a database of energy consumption data from companies performing annual audits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107067

The Legal Meaning of Environmental Sustainability – Do the Ecological SDGs Have Legal Status?

Gábor Kecskés

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 481-486

Description:

The study deals with the legal implications and core meaning of environmental sustainability. Ecological sustainability is one of the three pillars of sustainability (the others are economic and social sustainability). By giving an in-depth analysis of the entire legal background of environmental sustainability, the study reveals the relevant normative basis of this concept in international law. Furthermore, it focuses on the implementation of the 2015-2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs or SDGs) as well. The SDGs are policy-based general commitments rather than binding and enforceable norms. However, their impacts are relevant to the findings of the United Nations member states’ policies. Nevertheless, the goals and the indicators and targets attached to the goals are crucial to achieving sustainability. The study examines the legal status as well as the legal relevance of the goals (and targets and indicators) of the eco-friendly SDGs. Then, the environmental sustainability issues will be analysed in an in-depth way. Bearing in mind the generally poor (or poorer than expected) state implementation of the SDGs, the study reveals the monitoring and review process of the SDGs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107081

Cognitive Aspects of 2D Content Integration and Management in 3D Virtual Reality Spaces

Adam Csapo Tarek Setti

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 37-45

Description:

The advent of 2D graphical user interfaces in the 1980s shifted user interactions from line-based terminals to icon-based interfaces. As smartphones emerged in the 2010s, portable 2D graphical interfaces became a reality, liberating users from being confined to a single location when accessing digital services. These transformations have profoundly altered our understanding of digital information systems, with impacts that cannot be easily quantified. Current advancements in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) are on the verge of ushering in the next significant leap in cognitive expansion, introducing portable and highly contextual spatial interfaces, also sometimes referred to as Digital Realities (DRs). As a result, users now anticipate the ability to engage with an increasing array and variety of digital content in ways that are more contextualized and tailored to their needs, taking into account factors such as time, location, personalized goals and user-specific histories. In this paper, we aim to give an overview of cognitive aspects relevant to content integration and management specifically in DR environments, and to propose solutions and / or best practices to address them. Our discussion is centered around a paradigm called the Doing-When-Seeing (DWS) paradigm, which we propose for the design of Digital Reality interfaces. We demonstrate the applicability of this paradigm to the design of interfaces for creating content, organizing content, and semantically representing and retrieving content within 3D Digital Reality environments.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2023.6.5

The Role of Blockchain and IOT in Reverse Logistics: the Impacts on the Environmental and Economical Sustainability – A Structured Literature Review

Edit Süle László Buics Marah Almelhem

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 433-438

Description:

This paper aims to present the potential of the Internet of Things and Blockchain applications in enhancing the sustainability of reverse logistics processes. Logistics operations play a vital role in supply chain management and are often referred to as the "dynamo" of the process. Reverse logistics is imperative to bridge the gap between forward logistics (the initial movement of goods) and backward logistics (the movement of products in the opposite direction) to close the supply chain loop and achieve a more sustainable operation that is both environmentally and economically efficient. To achieve this objective, the paper undertook a structured literature review using three renowned databases, namely, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, via a mapping study. The investigation focused on exploring the sustainable aspects of reverse logistics, which can help organizations attain better environmental and economic returns. Additionally, the paper emphasizes how the Internet of Things and Blockchain applications can contribute to more economical and environmentally sustainable management of reverse logistics operations. The results highlight the key strategies, benefits, barriers, research gaps, and future research directions associated with the integration of these technologies in reverse logistics operations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107073

A Novel Control Scheme Based on Exact Feedback Linearization Achieving Robust Constant Voltage for Boost Converter

Miklós Kuczmann Tamas Orosz Miklos CSIZMADIA

Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents a novel form of feedback linearization control (FBL) of boost-type DC/DC converter: to reach highly accurate output voltage control. Integral action has been inserted into the block diagram of the control scheme. The state-space model of the boost converter is highly nonlinear. Accordingly, the design procedure of the controller is more complex. The paper presents the state-space modeling of the boost converter and details the design procedure of the nonlinear FBL controller step by step. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the error integrator in the FBL control loop. The proposed method has been tested by a numerical example and compared with an existing and validated two-loop controller. Both the dynamical and steady-state behavior of the examined boost converter performed better than the reference system. The steady-state error of the output voltage is almost eliminated, while the dynamical error decreased to 5% in comparison to the two-loop controller.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/electronics12010057

Comparison of Extended and Unscented Kalman Filters with and without Using Mechanical Model for Speed Sensorless Control of Induction Machines

Krisztian Horvath

Publication Name: 2023 18th Conference on Electrical Machines Drives and Power Systems Elma 2023 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this work, speed sensorless state estimators are compared for induction machine drives. The studied estimators are based on two widely used state-space models. The first one has five state variables and assumes slowly varying rotor speed. In contrast, the second model is augmented by the equation of motion and the load torque is defined as an additional state variable. Due to the nonlinearities, extended and unscented Kalman filters are applied in the case of both models. To compare the parameter sensitivities and the low speed operation of the four state estimators, simulations and experiments are carried out. In addition, the estimators are also tested in speed sensorless closed-loop control structure.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ELMA58392.2023.10202302

Sustainable Development in the Sahel Region

Kata D. Jankovits Julia Szoke

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 223-228

Description:

Scientists from various fields have long examined the factors contributing to sustainable development in Africa. The paper investigates the topic of sustainable development focusing on a very special part of Africa, the Sahel region, which is an ecoclimatic and biogeographic region of Africa facing many challenges. Consequently, the secondary research to be presented in this paper aims to review some projects and actions taken by various organizations, like the United Nations and the African Union, that stimulate sustainable development in the Sahel region. Accordingly, it focuses on a few of those projects and actions, which, on the one hand, enable sustainable agriculture, the reduction of malnutrition and food insecurity, and water usage combined with latrine construction, and which, on the other hand, enhance natural resource management and increasing resilience to climate change. The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the efficacy of these projects and actions from the viewpoint of sustainability, and finds that even though these projects and actions are of significance, there is still a long road ahead to reach sustainable development in the Sahel region.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107038

On Applying Gradient Based Thresholding on the Canny Edge Detection Results to Improve the Effectiveness of Fuzzy Hough Transform for Colonoscopy Polyp Detection Purposes

Péter Prukner Raneem Ismail Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 332 SIST

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 110-121

Description:

The possibilities of improving the effectiveness of fuzzy Hough transform calculations in the detection of colonoscopy image processing and polyp detection by gradient based preprocessing is studied. For the Hough transforms a black and white image consisting of line segments is necessary, thus most of the times an edge detected image is used as the basis of the transform. Here, the gradient magnitude values corresponding to the Canny edge pixels of the image are used for determining, which are the typical magnitude values for the polyp contours, in order to remove part of the non-contour edges from the image. Three publicly available databases with images and ground truth masks are used for testing, whether a general threshold for the gradients is applicable, but based on the histograms it seems to be not possible to generate a database independent normalized gradient based domain that can be used for sorting out the unnecessary edges.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7842-5_10