Search in Publications

Found 6327 publications

Decision of Construction Technology from a Sustainability Aspect, Life Cycle Analysis Based on Transport and Construction

O. Kegyes-Brassai Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa László Buics

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 103

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 355-360

Description:

In the case of the different types of construction processes, an important aspect from the sustainability point of view is the organization of construction, the total construction time and cost, and their influence on CO2 emissions. In this study, in the case of construction projects, we examine the impact of the decided technology on the environmental impact. We take into consideration the aspects of transport and construction organization. Using life cycle analysis methods, we present the comparison of alternatives and sustainable solutions. Discrete event simulation is used to determine the CO2 emission rate under different maintenance approaches. In the simulation model, a 2 x 2 lane I2 type bridge is simulated with altered traffic lines according to the different scenarios of maintenance. In the case of a half-track closure, the capacity of a 2 × 2 lane road is reduced by half, while the capacity of a 2 × 1 lane road due to alternating traffic directions is reduced by more than 50 %. The extent of the reduction depends on the length of the closed section, which greatly affects the emptying time. According to the results of the simulation, the CO2 emission might be lower in the case of narrowed traffic alteration than in the case of half-track closure, but the maintenance timeframe is also an important factor.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23103060

The generational division of online entertainment: The pleasure factors and manipulative effects of video streaming platforms

Judit Petra Koltai Tamás Vinkóczi Miklós Petra Majczán Lili Anna

Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 101

Issue: 8

Page Range: 715-738

Description:

Rise of video streaming services has not only increased the popularity of available platforms, but has also changed the content consumption habits of households, pushing aside the opportunities provided by traditional television. Among subscribers and users representing generations tied to digitalization highly diversified views can exist regarding the selection of video-sharing platforms and their impact on users' traditional lifestyles. A structural equation model (CB–SEM) was applied to test our theory related to different generations' relationship to digitalization. Based on the results, the generational classification of users only affects the significance of the platform selection criteria, while the manipulative effect of the service is independent of this. The analysis reveals the importance of further research in this area, as the factors that are important for enjoyment may differ among generations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20311/stat2023.08.hu0715

Application of the QFD Technique Method in Logistics Strategy

Peter Foldesi Eszter Sós

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 20

Issue: 2

Page Range: 145-164

Description:

One of the most significant corporate challenges today is to meet customer expectations. In order for customer satisfaction to be achieved, it is necessary to review the entire corporate system and related processes and coordinate the various corporate strategies. In the recent past, it was widely regarded as sufficient by managers to develop the right marketing strategy in order to sell a product. However, there is currently a discussion as to whether a marketing logistics strategy as a well-designed logistics environment is needed to sell the product and thereby gain customer satisfaction. In this article, we present the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique, an effective tool for transforming consumer needs into technical, quality characteristics. The method of QFD technique can also be successfully applied in the field of logistics. Utilizing it ensures the possibility of examining the impact of the sub-areas and processes of marketing and logistics services on the basis of customer needs. In addition, visual control can be used to illustrate that whilst two products require the same logistics strategy, lead times already cause significant differences in the interaction of logistics processes and technological parameters. The analysis also highlights the shortcomings of the logistics environment, thereby supporting the decision-making of the company management in both marketing and logistics strategy planning.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.20.2.2023.2.8

Structural Optimization of a Steel Truss for Sustainability in Parametric Environment – a Case Study

János Szép Kitti Karolyfi Gábor Hajdú Kira Rodaeva

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 13-18

Description:

Although designing a structure is an iterative process by nature, a very limited number of iterations can be done with the traditional methods to reach the near-optimal solution. However, with the development of information technologies, the usage of parametric design in the construction industry has expanded. This paper aims to show the potential benefits of implementing parametric design and optimization techniques in the early structural design process. For this purpose, a simple parametric model of a steel frame with a truss roof system was created and then optimized for minimum mass and a given floor area. The case study demonstrated that the application of parametric design can reduce the Global Warming Potential of the structure by 7.6 % by optimizing the geometry and the cross-sections, leading to a more sustainable solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107003

Sustainability in Public Finances Concerning Transfer Pricing in the EU

András Lapsánszky Gábor Hulkó János Kálmán

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 523-528

Description:

Ensuring the sustainability of public finances is a crucial concern for the European Union, particularly in the context of transfer pricing, which is focused on tax base erosion and profit shifting. Transfer pricing, involving the internal transfer of goods, services, or intellectual property between related entities, can significantly impact member states' tax revenues and overall economic stability. Base erosion and profit shifting is a term used to describe tax planning strategies that multinational companies use to exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax jurisdictions, thereby reducing their overall tax liability. The scope of this study examines these two topics, mainly by using jurisprudential methods and analysis of scientific sources, as well as to research the effect of tax-based erosion and inequality among state jurisdictions. The assessment and analysis of the problems in these areas have been going on for years, and in essence, the neuralgic points are clear in terms of problem definition. Nevertheless, appropriate normative solutions have either not been developed to a full extent or are being implemented slowly. Considering the lengthy process of adopting normative rules, the main aim of this study is to make suggestions for the field of law enforcement and organs of public administration that could lead to changes in the areas of transfer-pricing, base erosion, and profit shifting. In conclusion, three key areas of action are proposed. Firstly, the promotion and everyday implementation of digital taxation contribute to the efficient exchange of data. Secondly, much closer cooperation between tax authorities on this basis can be strengthened at the Member State level in practical administration. Thirdly, the more effective safeguarding of the single market by national administrations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107088

Sustainability of Large AI Models: Balancing Environmental and Social Impact with Technology and Regulations

Peter Szarmes Gabor Elo

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 103-108

Description:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models, have shown remarkable advancements, revolutionising various fields across industries. However, the sustainability of building large AI models with billions of parameters has become a subject of concern due to their significant environmental and social impact. The training of such models consumes enormous amounts of water and energy and emits substantial carbon emissions, contributing to climate change as data centres heavily rely on fossil fuels. This article summarises the current situation and explores the benefits and challenges of large AI models, emphasising the environmental impact and proposing strategies towards sustainability. Special attention is given to the social challenges, including accessibility, job displacement, biases, and data privacy concerns. Finally, the article advocates for the formulation of green and good AI practices standards for the future. To achieve sustainability, regulations are suggested to ensure transparency and accountability while promoting innovation-friendly frameworks. The authors see that while there is more progress in technology and infrastructure to address environmental impacts, social impacts are more neglected, and they are arguing for more detailed regulation as a solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107018

Optimizing the Performance of the Iptables Stateful NAT44 Solution

Keiichi Shima Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: 55-63

Description:

—The stateful NAT44 performance of iptables is an important issue when it is used as a stateful NAT44 gateway of a CGN (Carrier-Grade NAT) system. The performance measurements of iptables published in research papers do not comply with the requirements of RFC 2544 and RFC 4814 and the usability of their results has serious limitations. Our Internet Draft has proposed a benchmarking methodology for stateful NATxy (x, y are in {4, 6}) gateways and made it possible to perform the classic RFC 2544 measurement procedures like throughput, latency, frame loss rate, etc. with stateful NATxy gateways using RFC 4814 pseudorandom port numbers. It has also defined new performance metrics specific to stateful testing to quantify the connection setup and connection tear down performance of stateful NATxy gateways. In our current paper, we examine how the performance of iptables depends on various settings, and also if certain tradeoffs exist. We measure the maximum connection establishment rate, throughput and tear down rate of iptables as well as its memory consumption as a function of hash table size always using 40 million connections. We disclose all measurement details and results. We recommend new settings that enable network operators to achieve significantly higher performance than using the traditional ones.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2023.1.6

Consumer Perception of the Zero-Waste Concept: a Hungarian Case Study

Judit Petra Koltai Tamás Vinkóczi Éva Heimné Rácz

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 355-360

Description:

Sustainability is a concept that many people are familiar with, but it also seems elusive and difficult to generalize. Part of this concept is the Zero Waste mindset, which exists in equally diverse forms in people's minds. The research uses the 7R approach of the Zero Waste framework, adapted to consumers, to analyze which consumer groups can be distinguished from each other in terms of Zero Waste thinking. The methodology is based on a questionnaire analysis with the use of an HSD test. The results show that rethinking is the most widespread within the 7R concept, as the effects of most moderating variables (generation, gender, information gathering, product purchase, knowledge of the 7R concept, perceived income) can be measured in its case. In addition, 3 groups (Perfectionists, Adopters, and Rejecters) were created based on the consumers’ mindset of Zero Waste and named according to the means of the variables associated with the 7Rs. The present research is a Hungarian case study, which illustrates the existence of Zero Waste awareness and activities and should be extended to other nations as well.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107060

Quality Education and Digitalization Efforts, the Catalysts of Sustainable Development

Marta Konczosne Szombathelyi Viktória Kövecses-Gősi Zita Kaszalik

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 601-606

Description:

Education, science, technology, research and innovation are the supporting tools of the European Union's Sustainable Development 2030 program. They are valuable elements in themselves, the priority of which cannot be doubted, since they act as catalysts. What should be the direction to follow with the help of these factors in order to preserve competitiveness within the framework of sustainability? The solution is a factor affecting the lives of all of us. The world of business, education and this resent are trying to find a solution to this challenge. Sustainable development is a priority goal of the internal and external policies of the European Union, among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the member states undertake to implement quality education and develop digital competence. The Erasmus+ education and training EU (European Union) programs help to overcome the differences between Member States and regions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107101