György Szabados

56690187100

Publications - 9

Particle Number Concentration and SEM-EDX Analyses of an Auxiliary Heating Device in Operation with Different Fossil and Renewable Fuel

I. Zsoldos György Szabados Péter Nagy I. Szabó

Publication Name: Inventions

Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Pollution from road vehicles enters the air environment from many sources. One such source could be if the vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary heater. They can be classified according to whether they work with diesel or gasoline and whether they heat water or air. The subject of our research series is an additional heating system that heats the air, the original fuel is gasoline. This device has been built up in a modern engine test bench, where the environmental parameters can be controlled. The length of the test cycle was chosen to be 30 min. The tested fuels were E10, E30, E100 and B7. A 30-min operating period has been chosen in the NORMAL operating mode of the device as a test cycle. The focus of the tests was particle number concentration and soot composition. The results of the particle number concentration showed that renewable fuel content significantly reduces the number concentration of the emitted particles (9.56 × 108 #/cycle for E10 vs. 1.65 × 108 #/cycle for E100), while B7 causes a significantly higher number of emissions than E10 (3.92 × 1010 #/cycle for B7). Based on the elemental analysis, most deposits are elemental carbon, but non-organic compounds are also present. Carbon (92.18 m/m% for E10), oxygen (6.34 m/m% for E10), fluorine (0.64 m/m% for E10), and zinc (0.56 m/m% for E10) have been found in the largest quantity of deposits taken form the combustion chamber.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/inventions9010013

Heat Characteristics and Emission Effect of a Fuel-operated Auxiliary Air Heater Fed with Fuel E10, E30 and E100

I. Zsoldos György Szabados Péter Nagy

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 181-186

Description:

In order to increase the comfort of vehicle passengers in specific vehicle categories, the heating of the passenger compartment is not provided by the heat from the engine driving the vehicle but by an additional heating device. The study examines the effect of auxiliary heaters that use liquid fuels to heat the passenger compartment of vehicles. The device was operated during the test with two different mixtures containing bioethanol (E30, E100) and the original motor gasoline (E10). It aimed to understand the effects of different fuels, particularly heating performance, operating time and emissions. Based on the results, as the ethanol content increases, the temperature of the device’s flame and heating air decreases. The experiments showed that in the case of E100 bioethanol, the average temperature measured in stable operating conditions was significantly lower than in the case of E10 motor gasoline. That suggests that an increase in the ethanol content reduces the heating performance. Another significant result of the study was that in the case of mixtures containing ethanol, a longer operating time is required to achieve the same amount of heat, which leads to additional fuel consumption. In addition, when using E100 bioethanol, the amount of harmful gases that are emitted increases significantly during the longer operating time. This observation can be important for evaluating the environmental impact and efficiency of vehicles.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPme.36911

Examination of the Emission of Gas-Phase Components, Including Some Not-Conventional Ones from a Parking Heater, While Increasing the Bioethanol Content of the Fuel

I. Zsoldos György Szabados Péter Nagy

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2023-06-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 12

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The air pollutant emissions of a motor vehicle do not only mean the emissions from the engine used for propelling the vehicle. Another possible source is the passenger compartment heater. In the focus of our research, we investigated the effect of mixing gasoline-powered cabin air and ethanol (E10, E30, E100 on a volumetric basis) on the emissions of the equipment. Among the pollutant components examined, there were conventional components and so called not-conventional components. The chosen length of the test was 1800 s, while the intake air parameters temperature (tin) and relative humidity (h) have been kept constant (tin = 15 °C, h = 30%). Bioethanol mixing has a significant reducing effect on NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide). As for the components CO (carbon monoxide), THC (total hydrocarbons), CH4 (methane) and N2O (nitrous oxide), the values of the components reach usable values only in the start-up and burnout phases, while in the stable-operation phase, their values are outside the limit of detectability. A small part of THC is only CH4; a more significant part is NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons). The results of the developed vehicle fleet model for calculating the GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions of a vehicle fleet equipped with such a device showed that the fleet’s GHG emissions are less than 1% of the annual emissions from the combustion of transport fuel.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en16124786

Comparing the Combustion Process and the Emission Characteristic of a Stationary Heating Device System and an Internal Combustion Engine with Experimental Investigation

I. Zsoldos György Szabados Péter Nagy Jan Rohde-Brandenburger

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 1

Page Range: 96-104

Description:

Stationary heating devices can be used to warm up the coolant of an internal combustion engine or the cabin air of a vehicle. This kind of heat engine transforms the chemical energy content of liquid fuels into heat energy. The combustion process and the emission of such a device is in focus in this study, which would be the first part in a greater project in the field. Therefore, some relevant parameters have been established. Relevant cycles have been chosen for the kinds of heat engines. It means a normal mode cycle for the stationary device and a WLTC cycle in the case of the direct injection gasoline engine. Fuel used was the same for both. This heat transfer process is such, that the combustion seems to be quite simple and rough in the stationary device compared to that of in internal combustion engine. This means an inhomogenous combustion with non-premixed flame at a low combustion temperature. This situation affects the emission characteristic accordingly, so causes low NOx and relatively high particle relevant emission comes out from the device. As far as the device's particle relevant emission is concerned it would be suitable for further investigation described at the end of the article.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.18751

How human catabolism processes relate to the combustion of liquid fuels regarding oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Hungary

György Szabados Jozefin Hézer Tamás Koller Iván Nagyszokolyai

Publication Name: Idojaras

Publication Date: 2022-04-01

Volume: 126

Issue: 2

Page Range: 233-246

Description:

— In connection with road vehicles and their internal combustion engines, their effects on our environment are being dealt with more and more. Plenty of parameters could be listed, but human catabolism and combustion of liquid fuels probably have not been examined together. Carbon dioxide has the most priority as a greenhouse gas in environmental change and metrology, thus it is a constant topic. Oxygen consumption has been examined rarely or never in such a context. In this article, calculations have been carried out from different points of view regarding these two parameters. The results of total-quantity calculations show, that the oxygen demand for the combustion of fuels used for road transport in 2019 in Hungary is the same as the 6-year oxygen demand of the Hungarian population, and the amount of the carbon dioxide emitted by the combustion of fuel used in road transport in Hungary is the same as the amount emitted by the Hungarian population during 5.2 years. The results might be worth examining on a larger scale.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.28974/idojaras.2022.2.4

ICE Relevant Physical-chemical Properties and Air Pollutant Emission of Renewable Transport Fuels from Different Generations – An Overview

György Szabados Jan Knaup Ákos Bereczky

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 50

Issue: 1

Page Range: 11-22

Description:

The fuel demand in transport sector seems to be raised on a short and also on a long term base in the European Union and worldwide as well. A constantly growing trend is foreseen through 2050 worldwide as for using bio-based energy or fuels. Questions can arise before using these kinds of fuels in connection with the use of clean water or in terms of soil degradation, plant nutrients. It is also questionable whether they can be useful regarding their usage. First-, and second generation liquid as well as third generation gaseous bio-based fuels will be in focus in this article. They will be analyzed from physical-chemical properties and pollutant emission points of view.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.14925

Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation

György Szabados H. Szűcs Jozefin Hézer Brian Sanders

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 50

Issue: 2

Page Range: 111-127

Description:

To date, huge amounts of money have been invested in the development of internal combustion engines to reach the current level of technology. High specific power and good thermal efficiency have been achieved, thanks to which, internal combustion engines are now widely used. However, the driving force behind the developments is no longer the high performance, but the compliance with strict emission standards. Future emissions regulation, namely Euro 7, will be challenging for engine and vehicle manufacturers. One possible technical solution may be to use a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture on the entire engine map to meet the requirements of the Euro 7 emission standard. This article analyzes the change in Euro regulations in the light of Euro 7, as well as the theoretical background of the λ = 1 operation. Several technical possibilities to achieve the stoichiometric ratio, such as e.g. water injection or variable compression ratio are presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.17433

Investigating Combustion Process of N-Butanol-Diesel Blends in a Diesel Engine with Variable Compression Ratio

Kristóf Lukács György Szabados Ákos Bereczky

Publication Name: Clean Technologies

Publication Date: 2021-09-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 3

Page Range: 618-628

Description:

The search for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines is ongoing. Among the alternatives, plant-based fuels can also be mentioned. Alcohol is not a common fuel for diesel engines because the physical and chemical properties of the alcohols are closer to those of gasoline. In our research, the combustion properties of diesel-n-butanol mixtures have been investigated to obtain results on the effect of butanol blending on combustion. Among the combustion properties, ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure, and heat release rate can be mentioned. They have been observed under different compression conditions on an engine on which the compression ratio can be adjusted. The method used was a quite simple one, so the speed of the engine was set to a constant 900 rpm without load, while three compression ratios (19.92, 15.27, and 12.53) were adjusted with a fuel flow rate of 13 mL/min and the pre-injection angle of 18◦ BTDC. Blending butanol into the investigated fuel does not significantly affect maximal values of indicated pressure, while much more effect on the pressure rising rate can be detected. Furthermore, heat release rate and ignition delay increased at every compression ratio investigated. Despite the low blending rates of butanol in the mixtures, butanol significantly affects the combustion parameters, especially at high compression ratios.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3030037

Combustion and Emission Analyses of a Diesel Engine Running on Blends with Methanol

Justas Žaglinskis Kristóf Lukács György Szabados Ákos Bereczky

Publication Name: Energy Environment and Sustainability

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 141-172

Description:

The ambient air around us is continuously and increasingly loaded and polluted through emission that comes from different sectors, especially from the transportation sector. This fact is due to the growing energy consumption in the transport sector which is forecasted worldwide in the nearer and far future. Bio-based energy may be consumed in an increasing way in the sector until 2050. Methanol, and if it is produced on bio-basis, called bio-methanol, is the simplest alcohol. Methanol costs less than other automotive alternative alcohols, for example, ethanol or butanol, so it may be among the cheapest technical alcohols. As for methanol’s structure, it contains 30% more inherent oxygen on a molecular base than fossil diesel. The aim of this research is to give comprehensive overview about the methanol’s effect on the combustion and emission properties of a diesel engine. During the analyses of combustion and emission characteristics the most relevant parameters have been included. The study also contains calculations regarding theoretical combustion (oxidation process) of the different hydrogen-carbons. A rarely investigated parameter, O2 consumption or demand is also in focus, besides CO2 emission and intensity throughout the calculations. For our experimental test series, diesel fuel was the base fuel and it has been mixed with biodiesel first, and this mixture has been further blended with methanol. Methanol’s theoretical contribution to the diesel–biodiesel blend’s O2 consumption and CO2 emission is a small amount. Engine’s external parameters have not changed significantly if it is running on blend with methanol. Methanol has rather affected the combustion and emission properties of the engine more significantly.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1280-0_6