I. Szabó

57221376973

Publications - 21

Synergistic Effects of CuO and ZnO Nanoadditives on Friction and Wear in Automotive Base Oil †

I. Szabó Rafiul Hasan

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-08-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 15

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Efficient lubrication lowers friction, wear, and energy losses in automotive drivetrain components. Advanced lubricants are key to sustainable transportation performance, durability, and efficiency. This study analyzes the tribological performance of Group III base oil with CuO and ZnO nanoadditive mixtures. These additives enhance the performance of Group III base oils, making them highly relevant for automotive lubricant applications. An Optimol SRV5 tribometer performed ball-on-disk sliding contact tests with 100Cr6 steel specimens subjected to a 50 N force and a temperature of 100 °C. The test settings are designed to mimic the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes commonly seen in the automobile industry. During the tests, the effect of nanoparticles on friction was measured. Microscopic wear analysis was performed on the worn specimens. The results demonstrate that adding 0.3 wt% CuO nanoparticles to Group III base oil achieves a 19% reduction in dynamic friction and a 47% decrease in disk wear volume compared to additive-free oil. Notably, a 2:1 CuO-to-ZnO mixture produced synergy, delivering up to a 27% friction reduction and a 54% decrease in disk wear. The results show the synergistic effect of CuO and ZnO in reducing friction and wear on specimens. This study highlights the potential of nanoparticles for lubricant development and automotive applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15158258

Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier

I. Szabó Kevin Szabó H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Chemengineering

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigates the tribological effects of nano-sized metal oxides (ZrO2, CuO, Y2O3 and TiO2) in Group III type base oil containing 0.3% pour point depressant (PPD) and 5% viscosity modifier (VM) to enhance friction and wear performance. The homogenized lubricant samples with varying concentrations of oxide nanoparticles (0.1–0.5 wt%) on a linear oscillating tribometer performed static and dynamic frictional tests. Optical and confocal microscopy surface analysis evaluated the wear of the specimen, and SEM and EDX analyses characterized the wear tracks, nanoparticle distributions, and quantification. The cooperation between PPD and nanoparticles significantly improved friction and wear values; however, the worn surface suffered extensively from fatigue wear. The collaboration between VM and nanoparticles resulted in a nanoparticle-rich tribofilm on the contact surface, providing excellent wear resistance that protects the component while also favorably impacting friction reduction. This study found CuO reduced wear volume by 85% with PPD and 43% with VM at 0.5 wt%, while ZrO2 achieved 80% and 63% reductions, respectively. Y2O3 reduced wear volume by 82% with PPD, and TiO2 reduced friction by 20% with VM. These nanoparticles enhanced tribological performance at optimal concentrations, but high concentrations caused tribofilm instability, highlighting the need for precise optimization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering9010001

Tribological Investigation of the Surface Protective Layer-Forming Effect of a Nano-Sized Yttria–Silica Mixture as a Lubricating Oil Additive

Tamás Fodor Árpád Tóth I. Szabó Márk Marsicki Kálmán Vad Attila Csík

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Nanoparticles exhibit diverse effects when added as additives to oily medium, enhancing tribological properties and surface characteristics. Studies have shown that many oxide ceramic nanoparticles improve friction and wear, while mixtures also demonstrate favorable tribological properties. This study explores the tribological effect of an yttria–silica (Y2O3, SiO2) nanoparticle mixture in a Group III base oil medium. The results reveal that the yttria–silica mixture significantly reduces friction (−8–17%), mean wear scar diameter (−32%), and wear volume (−94%), while increasing load-bearing capacity (+114%) by creating a durable boundary layer. Observations from scanning electron microscopy revealed the original surface is protected. EDX analyses highlight the boundary layer’s elemental composition, which is high in yttrium, silicon, and oxygen and found in higher areas. XRD analysis could not detect the yttria nanoparticle additive within the boundary layer, suggesting that it fragmented due to sliding stress, resulting in an amorphous structure for the new boundary layer. TEM imaging confirmed that the boundary layer thickness is 40–45 nm. These findings demonstrate significant potential for industrial applications in developing advanced, high-performance lubricants for demanding mechanical systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13010028

Tribological investigation of the effect of nanosized CuO and TiO2 on a base oil containing Komad 323 dispersant

I. Szabó Márk Marsicki H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Jurnal Tribologi

Publication Date: 2024-09-01

Volume: 42

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 103-128

Description:

This article investigates the impact of copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Group III base oil with 8 wt% Komad 323 dispersant. Nanoparticles underwent ethyl oleate surface modification. Tribological properties were assessed using a linear oscillating tribometer, continuously monitoring static friction. Friction integral values were derived from extensive data acquisition. Wear analysis employed digital optical and confocal microscopy, complemented by scanning electron microscopy for wear-type characterization and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for additive quantification in the wear track. Results indicate CuO nanoparticles' poor compatibility with Komad 323, resulting in increased friction (2-13%) and substantial wear reduction (39-50%) at low CuO concentrations (≤0.3 wt%). Higher concentrations (≥0.4 wt%) reduced friction (21-35%) but led to surface fatigue and increased wear rates. Elemental composition analysis of the wear track revealed that the surface contains 1.43-3.17 norm.wt% copper. Conversely, TiO2 in synergy with the dispersant, formed a boundary layer, exhibiting lower friction by 11-14%. TiO2 formed a high wear resistance boundary layer at titanium concentrations of 0.33-0.39 norm.wt%, which resulted in 44% wear volume reduction. Applying both nanoparticles reduced the wear scar diameter of the test specimens by 3-12%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Particle Number Concentration and SEM-EDX Analyses of an Auxiliary Heating Device in Operation with Different Fossil and Renewable Fuel

I. Zsoldos György Szabados Péter Nagy I. Szabó

Publication Name: Inventions

Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Pollution from road vehicles enters the air environment from many sources. One such source could be if the vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary heater. They can be classified according to whether they work with diesel or gasoline and whether they heat water or air. The subject of our research series is an additional heating system that heats the air, the original fuel is gasoline. This device has been built up in a modern engine test bench, where the environmental parameters can be controlled. The length of the test cycle was chosen to be 30 min. The tested fuels were E10, E30, E100 and B7. A 30-min operating period has been chosen in the NORMAL operating mode of the device as a test cycle. The focus of the tests was particle number concentration and soot composition. The results of the particle number concentration showed that renewable fuel content significantly reduces the number concentration of the emitted particles (9.56 × 108 #/cycle for E10 vs. 1.65 × 108 #/cycle for E100), while B7 causes a significantly higher number of emissions than E10 (3.92 × 1010 #/cycle for B7). Based on the elemental analysis, most deposits are elemental carbon, but non-organic compounds are also present. Carbon (92.18 m/m% for E10), oxygen (6.34 m/m% for E10), fluorine (0.64 m/m% for E10), and zinc (0.56 m/m% for E10) have been found in the largest quantity of deposits taken form the combustion chamber.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/inventions9010013

Investigation of the Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on the Tribological Properties of Thermally Aged Group III Base Oil †

I. Szabó Péter Bence Pápai

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Protecting our environment is a primary focus in various industries, including the automotive sector, which aims to reduce friction and wear to minimize emissions. This study examines the effect of cupric oxide nanoparticles on artificially aged Group III base oil under lab conditions. The oil, aged using a temperature-focused method, was homogenized with 0.5 wt% cupric oxide nanoparticles. A ball-on-disc tribological system registered static and hydrodynamic friction. Wear track sizes indicated the nanoadditive’s positive impact compared to the oil without additives. The experiments revealed the anti-aging effect of cupric oxide nanoceramics. Lubricant aged with cupric oxide performed similarly to new oil, and cupric oxide nanoparticles positively affected friction and wear. The oil supplemented before aging showed better tribological results than after aging.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079082

Investigation of Lubrication Capability of Zinc Oxide-Reinforced Nanolubricants in Automotive Applications †

Árpád Tóth I. Szabó

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This article aims to introduce the tribological investigation of nanoscale zinc oxide particles as friction and wear reduction additives in the automotive industry and to present the results of the measurements. The surface-activated nanoparticles were homogenized into a neat Group-III-type base oil at five different concentrations, and their tribological properties were tested using a simplified ball-on-disc tribosystem. The arising wear scar images were investigated, and the occurred wear volume values were also calculated using a confocal microscope. The evaluation presented excellent friction and wear reduction properties, especially at higher concentrations (0.4 and 0.5 wt%). The authors would like to highlight the tribological decreasing potentials provided by such nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-reinforced lubricants can be one of the future solutions to developing operating machines with an achievable maximum energy efficiency.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079087

Validation of the Optimal Points of Tribological Systems at Different Temperatures Determined by the DOE Method Using Lubricating Oil Doped with Nano-ZrO2 Particles †

I. Szabó Kevin Szabó

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this study, the design of experiments (DOE) method is used to find the optimum values of the tribological system in a 40–120 °C range with 0.1–1 wt% zirconia nanoadditives in a base oil. Significant factors were identified. The studied parameters include friction absolute integral, static friction, the wear scar diameter and the wear volume of the specimens. The measurements were carried out on a tribometer. The results were pre-estimated using statistical software; then, validation measurements were made using the estimated optimum point. The results show that the FAI value differed by 0.008, the COF value by 0.017, the WSD value by 4 μm and the WV value by 110,000 μm3. At 1 wt%, zirconia can have a positive effect at high temperatures. As temperatures increase, wear parameters decrease and friction values remain stable.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079080

Tribological Investigation of Base Oil Supplemented with Zirconia Nanoparticles at Various Operating Temperatures †

I. Szabó Márk Marsicki

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study examines oil samples with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles in Group III base oil at different temperatures, revealing the effects of temperature and concentration on the tribological system. The samples contain 0.1% and 1% ZrO2 nanoparticles, tested at 40–120 °C. The friction results showed that the nanoparticles increase the friction absolute integral values at all tested temperatures; however, static friction can be improved by 3–13%. The study demonstrates the wear-resistant effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles. Significant wear reduction can be achieved even at low concentrations; wear volume can be reduced by 21–87% depending on the nanoparticle concentration and operating temperature. Scanning electron microscopy with EDX helped to identify wear types, the processes occurring on the surfaces, and the percentage of nanoparticles on the surface.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079035

Examination of the Tribological Mechanism of Various Ceramic Nanoparticles in an Oil-Based C60 Fullerene Solution

Igor Velkavrh Fevzi Kafexhiu I. Szabó

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1057-1062

Description:

This study aims to evaluate the tribological mechanisms of CuO, SiO2, and Y2O3 ceramic nanoparticles in an oil-based C60 fullerene solution using experimental tribotests. The goal is to investigate the impact of these nanoparticles on friction and wear, offering insights into their potential for enhancing lubrication efficiency in automotive applications. Nanoparticles were homogenized using ethyl oleate surface modification. Testing involved a simplified ball-on-disc specimen in a linear oscillating configuration. Results show that the nanoparticles reduce dynamic friction by up to 10 % and static friction by 6 %. They reduce wear on test specimens by 45–81 %. CuO and SiO2 components are typically used for harder specimens, and Y2O3 nanoparticles for softer ones. Scanning electron microscopy identifies characteristic wear mechanisms, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy determines nanoparticle distribution on worn surfaces. The potential of nanoparticle additives in enhancing automotive lubrication and reducing friction and wear is highlighted, contributing to the industry's pursuit of efficiency and environmental sustainability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114177

Experimental Wear Analysis of Nano-Sized Titania Particles as Additives in Automotive Lubricants

Árpád Tóth I. Szabó Hebah Abdallah H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Micro

Publication Date: 2023-09-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 3

Page Range: 715-727

Description:

This study focuses on the wear effects of nano-sized titania as a potential engine lubricant additive. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have promising wear-reducing properties and significant tribological potential. In this article, titania nanoparticles were homogenized in Group III automotive oil at five different concentrations (0.1; 0.2 … 0.5 wt%). The nanodoped oil samples were tested on a linear oscillating tribometer with oil circulation. Based on the tribological results, titania nanoparticles increased friction by 20–32% but can reduce the wear area by up to 32%. According to the confocal microscopic examination, wear volume can be reduced by up to 57% with titania nanoparticles. Titania nanoparticles improved the repeatability of tribological measurements. A scanning electron microscopy examination of the wear track revealed that the characteristic wear of the tribological system was abrasive, but a significant amount of adhesive wear was also observed. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis found that the nanoparticles fill the deeper trenches of the wear. The worn surface uniformly contains TiO2 particles and the quantified normalized titanium concentration was between 0.56 and 0.62%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/micro3030050

Tribological Investigation of the Effect of Nanosized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate

Árpád Tóth I. Szabó H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2023-08-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 8

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this study, copper(II) oxide, titanium dioxide and yttrium(III) oxide nanoparticles were added to Group III-type base oil formulated with overbased calcium sulfonate. The nanosized oxides were treated with ethyl oleate surface modification. The tribological properties of the homogenized oil samples were tested on a linear oscillating tribometer. Friction was continuously monitored during the tribological tests. A surface analysis was performed on the worn samples: the amount of wear was determined using a digital optical and confocal microscope. The type of wear was examined with a scanning electron microscope, while the additives adhered to the surface were examined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. From the results of the measurements, it can be concluded that the surface-modified nanoparticles worked well with the overbased calcium sulfonate and significantly reduced both wear and friction. In the present tribology system, the optimal concentration of all three oxide ceramic nanoadditives is 0.4 wt%. By using oxide nanoparticles, friction can be reduced by up to 15% and the wear volume by up to 77%. Overbased calcium sulfonate and oxide ceramic nanoparticles together form a lower friction anti-wear boundary layer on the worn surfaces. The results of the tests represent another step toward the applicability of these nanoparticles in commercial engine lubricants. It is advisable to further investigate the possibility of formulating nanoparticles into the oil.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants11080337

Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Ethyl Oleate for the Purpose of Stabilizing Nanolubricants Used for Tribological Tests

Árpád Tóth I. Szabó Nóra Mike-Kaszás Gábor Bartus H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Ceramics

Publication Date: 2023-06-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 2

Page Range: 980-993

Description:

Long-term sustainability and decreasing amount of fossil oil reserves require a partial or complete transformation of traditional lubricating oils. The use of silica nanoparticles as a lubricant additive has a huge tribological potential, which has already been discussed in numerous articles. Nanosized silica shows excellent results in reducing friction and preventing wear, but they quickly aggregate and settle after homogenization in oils. For long-term stable dispersion of lubricating oils containing nanoceramics, the surface of the particles was modified with ethyl oleate. The surface modification, the ethyl oleate applied to the surface of the nanosilica, was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Group III based lubricating oil was prepared using the surface-modified nanosilica. The particle size of the nanoparticles in the lubricating oil dispersion was examined by dynamic light scattering. Oscillating tribometer measurements were performed with different concentrations (0.1; 0.2; 0.3 wt%) of nanolubricants. Based on the tribological results, the friction coefficient of the surface-modified nanosilica is more stable, its wear is 15% lower compared to the reference. There is no significant change in the magnitude of the friction coefficient. It can be concluded that the ethyl oleate surface modification method may be suitable for tribological investigations of the acting mechanisms of nanoparticles.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ceramics6020058

Experimental Investigation of the Friction Modifying Effects of Graphene and C60 Fullerene Used as Nanoadditives in Engine Lubricating Oil Performed on an Oscillating Tribometer

Csaba Tóth-Nagy I. Szabó

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 3

Page Range: 257-262

Description:

The present article presents the results of tribological investigations performed on an off-the-shelf engine lubricant containing nanoadditives of multilayered graphene and C60 fullerene alternately. As anthropogenic CO2 is believed to be highly responsible for global climate change, its emission is regulated in many countries. CO2 emissions can be significantly decreased by improving the efficiency i.e. decreasing the losses in an engine. Hence reducing frictional losses was the ultimate scope of the investigations presented in this article. The experiments were carried out on an oscillating tribometer at the Department of Internal Combustion Engines at Széchenyi István University. The experiments showed that multilayered graphene in engine lubricant did not modify the friction coefficient inevitably (-1% to +4%). Fullerene nanoparticles, however, reduced the friction by 4–8%. The optimal fullerene doping quantity that resulted in the lowest friction showed to be at around 0.14 wt%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.20594

Experimental Investigation of Tribological Properties of Two Fully Formulated Engine Oils with Additional Nanoscale Spherical Zirconia Particles

Rajmund Kuti Árpád Tóth I. Szabó

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Decreasing harmful emissions of vehicle engines is becoming more and more challenging due to stricter standards. A possible solution is to improve the tribological attributes of lubricants, which can be achieved through the application of appropriate additives. According to preliminary studies conducted by the authors, ZrO2 (zirconium-dioxide) nano-sized ceramic particles as lubricant additives have overwhelmingly positive tribological attributes in the presence of non-metallic superficial materials. Additive concentration, as well as cross-effects with other additives were investigated in order to determine a formulation resulting in optimal tribological attributes. In this paper, the experimental investigation of ZrO2 nano-ceramic powder as a lubricant additive is presented. The tribological performance of individually samples were experimentally investigated on a ball-on-disc translational tribometer. The experiments revealed an optimal additive content of 0.3 wt%. Increasing the quantity of additives further ruined friction and wear properties of the examined tribological system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10100246

Investigation of the Applicability of Y2O3–ZrO2 Spherical Nanoparticles as Tribological Lubricant Additives

Máté Zs Leskó Árpád Tóth I. Szabó H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2022-07-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Long-term environmental goals will motivate the automotive industry, component suppliers, and lubricating oil developers to reduce the friction of their tribosystems to improve overall efficiency and wear for increased component lifetime. Nanoscale ceramic particles have been shown to form a protective layer on components’ surface that reduces wear rate with its high hardness and chemical resistance. One such ceramic is yttria (Y2O3), which has an excellent anti-wear effect, but due to its rarity it would be extremely expensive to produce engine lubricant made from it. Therefore, part of the yttria is replaced by zirconia (ZrO2) with similar physical properties. The study presents the result of the experimental tribological investigation of nanosized yttria–zirconia ceramic mixture as an engine lubricant additive. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticle was used as the basis for the ratio of the ceramic mixture, so that the weight ratio of yttria–zirconia in the resulting mixture was determined to be 11:69. After the evaluation of the ball-on-disc tribological measurements, it can be stated that the optimal concentration was 0.4 wt%, which reduced the wear diameter by 30% and the wear volume by 90% at the same coefficient of friction. High-resolution SEM analysis showed a significant amount of zirconia on the surface, but no yttria was found.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10070152

Tribological Properties of the Nanoscale Spherical Y2O3 Particles as Lubricant Additives in Automotive Application

Rajmund Kuti Máté Zs Leskó Árpád Tóth Jan Rohde-Brandenburger I. Szabó

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2022-02-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The continuous tribological development of engine lubricants is becoming more and more vital due to its fuel efficiency improvement and lifetime increasing potential. The antiwear additives play a high role in the lubricants to protect the contacting surfaces even in the presence of thinner oil film. Nanoscale spherical particles in the lubricant may increase the necessary protecting effect. This paper presents the results of the experimental tribological investigation of nanoscale spherical Y2O3 (yttria) ceramic particles as an engine lubricant additive. The ball-on-disc tribological measurements have revealed an optimum concentration at 0.5 wt% with about 45% wear scar diameter and 90% wear volume decrease, compared to the reference, neat Group III base oil. The high-magnitude SEM analysis revealed the working mechanisms of yttria: the particles collected in the roughness valleys resulted in a smoother contacting surface, they were tribo-sintered and they have also caused slight plastic deformation of the outer layer of the metallic surface.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10020028

Experimental Investigation of the Friction Modifying Effects of Different Nanoforms of Graphene Additives in Engine Lubricating Oil

Csaba Tóth-Nagy I. Szabó

Publication Name: Fme Transactions

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: 50

Issue: 2

Page Range: 248-259

Description:

This article presents the results of an experimental investigation of different nanoforms of graphene used as a nano additive in engine lubricating oil. The experiments were carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer at the Department of Internal Combustion Engines and Propulsions at Széchenyi István University. The paper introduces the experimental equipment and the experimental method and presents the research findings. The paper concludes that fullerene can decrease friction by 7% on average when used as a nano additive in engine lubricating oil. Furthermore, fullerene did not present a sedimentation problem when used as an additive up to 0.25 wt% in lubricant instead of graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The paper attempts to explain the friction decreasing effect and the possible roles of carbon nano additives in tribological systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5937/fme2201248T

Applicability of nanoscale ceramic particles as tribological lubricant additives

Árpád Tóth I. Szabó

Publication Name: 2022 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cognitive Mobility Cogmob 2022

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 31-36

Description:

Lubricants play a critical role in the energy losses of an engine. Several engineering solutions are existing to reduce the frictional and wear losses caused by the lubricant such as ultra-low-viscosity lubricants. With the spread of low-viscosity engine oils like 0W-20 and below, the importance of tribological lubricant additives is increasing. To ensure the necessary protection of the rubbing surfaces against friction and wear, new lubricant additive materials should be researched and investigated. Next to the tribological performance of the additives, their impact on the price is a strong influencing factor. No financial information of the investigated additive materials is available in the current scientific articles and so no rentable decision can be defined which additive worth to invest as an engine oil additive in the future mass production engine oils. This article presents the tribological potential of selected nanoscale ceramic particles (zirconia, cupric oxide and yttria) as lubricant additives and compares them according to their financial impact. According to the results it can be stated that not always the additive with the best tribological properties will be the one be used in mass production manufactured lubricants.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogMob55547.2022.10117843

Tribological Investigation of Applicability of Nano-Sized Cupricoxide (CuO) Ceramic Material in Automotive Vehicles

Rajmund Kuti Árpád Tóth Jan Rohde-Brandenburger I. Szabó

Publication Name: Fme Transactions

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 49

Issue: 2

Page Range: 335-343

Description:

Due to the continuously increasing requirements of the internal combustion engines, the lubricants and their additives have to be further developed. One possible solution is the application of ceramic nanoparticles as friction modifier and wear decreaser additives. This paper presents the tribological investigation of cupricoxide (CuO) nanoparticle mixed in neat Group 3 base oil. To analyse its properties, simplified ball-on-disc friction experiments were carried out in the tribological laboratory in the Széchenyi István University in Győr, Hungary. The arisen wear scars were analysed with different, highresolution microscopes to understand the working mechanism of the nanoparticles. The results have indicated an optimum concentration of nanoparticles at 0.5wt% where both the average friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter were reduced by 15%. The microscopical investigation revealed the reduction of copper material from the CuO material, and it has mended to the rubbing surface forming a protective film on the metal surface.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5937/fme2102335T

Tribological Properties of Nano-Sized ZrO2 Ceramic Particles in Automotive Lubricants

Rajmund Kuti Árpád Tóth I. Szabó

Publication Name: Fme Transactions

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 49

Issue: 1

Page Range: 36-43

Description:

The demand for decreasing CO2-emission and harmful material content of the exhaust gas of passenger cars requires the improvement of the entire powertrain including the applied lubricants. One of the possible future engines lubricant can be the nano-sized ceramic particles, which can provide positive tribological properties also in the presence of nonmetallic surface materials. This paper presents the experimental investigation of ZrO2 nanoceramic powder as a lubricant additive. The tribological performance of the lubricant samples was experimentally investigated on a ball-on-disc translation tribometer. An optimum concentration was found at 0.4 wt%, where the wear scar diameter on the ball specimen was reduced by more than 40% compared to the reference sample. The SEM-analysis confirmed the mending mechanism theory: nanoparticles were revealed to aggregate between the asperities resulting in a significantly smoother contact surface.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5937/FME2101036T