Ibrahim Jatau Abubakar

57193384550

Publications - 1

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023

Nermeen Abu-Elala Rana Kamal Abu Farha Madineh Abbasi Abdallah H.A. Abd Al Magied Eman Abu-Gharbieh Kamoru Ademola Adedokun Nurudeen A. Adegoke Lisa C. Adams Armita Abedi Mesfin Abebe A. Bhoomadevi Mohammad Amin Aalipour Bedru J. Abafita Ukachukwu O. Abaraogu Dariush Abtahi Ripon Kumar Adhikary Mohd Adnan E. S. Abhilash Hasan Aalruz Muhammad Sohail Afzal Hana J. Abukhadijah Bedru J. Abafita Nasir Abbas Tanin Adl Parvar César Agostinis Sobrinho Saira Afzal Samar Abd ElHafeez Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye Navidha Aggarwal Johnathan M. Hsu Catherine O. Johnson Laura Lara-Castor Nermeen Abu-Elala Kate E. LeGrand Prof Bhoomadevi A Benjamin A. Stark Nicole K. DeCleene Emily C. Desai Mohammad Abavisani Mohammadreza Abbasian Prerna Agarwal Temesgen Anjulo Ageru Oladimeji Muritala Adebayo Suneth Buddhika Agampodi Sepehr Aghajanian Salahdein Aburuz Prof Ahmed Abdelalim Omar M. Abdelfattah Prof Reda Abdel-Hameed Prof Wael M Abdel-Rahman Daba Abdissa Mahmoud Abdelnabi Prof Olumide Abiodun Lucas Guimarães Abreu Rui Adão Aminu Kende Kende Abubakar Apurba Acharya Mujahid Abdullah Ibrahim Jatau Abubakar Swetha Acharya Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji Rishan Adha Wirawan Adikusuma Lawan Hassan Adamu Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Gina Agarwal Ahmed M. Afifi Fatemeh Afrashteh Hedayat Abbastabar Samar Abd ElHafeez Kulmira Abdykerimova Rahim Abo Kasem Asrat Agalu Abejew Dmitry Abramov Ousman Adal Meshack Achore Aidin Abedi Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun Shady Abohashem Nagah M. Abourashed David Adedia Oyelola A. Adegboye Habeeb Abiodun Afolabi Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya Isaac Yeboah Addo Arman Abdous Auwal Abdullahi David Adzrago Hasan Aalruz Kishor Adhikari Dhiraj Motilal Agarwal Abdullahi Tunde Aborode Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Ulric Sena Abonie Wakgari Mosisa Abdisa Parsa Abdi Prince Owusu Adoma Leticia Akua Adzigbli Victor Adekanmbi Arya Afrooghe Dina Abushanab Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi Oluwatobi E. Adegbile Olumide Thomas Adeleke Nasir Abbas Salahdein Aburuz

Publication Name: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Publication Date: 2025-12-02

Volume: 86

Issue: 22

Page Range: 2167-2243

Description:

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging. Objectives: We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden from 1990 to 2023 and identified drivers of change including population growth, population aging, and risk factor exposure. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, a multinational collaborative research study, quantified burden due to 375 diseases including CVD burden and identified drivers of change from 1990 to 2023 using all available data and statistical models. GBD 2023 estimated the population-level burden of diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. Results: CVDs were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths estimated in the GBD. As of 2023, there were 437 million (95% UI: 401 to 465 million) CVD DALYs globally, a 1.4-fold increase from the number in 1990 of 320 million (292 to 344 million). Ischemic heart disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive heart disease were the leading cardiovascular causes of DALYs in 2023 globally. As of 2023, age-standardized CVD DALY rates were highest in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) settings and lowest in high SDI settings. The number of CVD deaths increased globally from 13.1 million (95% UI: 12.2 to 14.0 million) in 1990 to 19.2 million (95% UI: 17.4 to 20.4 million) in 2023. The number of prevalent cases of CVD more than doubled since 1990, with 311 million (95% UI: 294 to 333 million) prevalent cases of CVD in 1990 and 626 million (95% UI: 591 to 672 million) prevalent cases in 2023 globally. A total of 79.6% (95% UI: 75.7% to 82.5%) of CVD burden is attributable to modifiable risk factors 347 million [95% UI: 318 to 373 million] DALYs in 2023). Globally, high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and air pollution were the modifiable risks responsible for most attributable CVD burden in 2023. Since 1990, changes in exposure to modifiable risk factors have had mixed effects on CVD burden, with increases in high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and low physical activity leading to higher burden, while reductions in tobacco usage have mitigated some of these increases. Population growth and population aging were the main drivers of the increasing burden since 1990, adding 128 million (95% UI: 115 to 139 million) and 139 million (95% UI: 126 to 151 million) CVD DALYs to the increase in CVD burden since 1990. Conclusions: CVD remains the leading cause of disease burden and death worldwide with the greatest burden in low, low-middle, and middle SDI regions. Large variation exists in CVD burden even for countries at similar levels of development, a gap explained substantially by known, modifiable risk factors that are inadequately controlled. The decades-long increase in CVD burden was the result of population growth, population aging, and increased exposure to a subset of risk factors led by metabolic risks. Countries will need to adopt effective health system and public health strategies if they are to progress in achieving global goals to reduce the burden of CVD.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.015