Mohammad Abavisani

57212216899

Publications - 1

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023

Nermeen Abu-Elala Rana Kamal Abu Farha Madineh Abbasi Abdallah H.A. Abd Al Magied Kamoru Ademola Adedokun Nurudeen A. Adegoke Eman Abu-Gharbieh Lisa C. Adams Mesfin Abebe Armita Abedi Mohammad Amin Aalipour A. Bhoomadevi Bedru J. Abafita Ukachukwu O. Abaraogu Dariush Abtahi Ripon Kumar Adhikary Mohd Adnan Hasan Aalruz E. S. Abhilash Hana J. Abukhadijah Muhammad Sohail Afzal Nasir Abbas Bedru J. Abafita Tanin Adl Parvar César Agostinis Sobrinho Saira Afzal Samar Abd Elhafeez Navidha Aggarwal Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye Nermeen Abu-Elala Prof Bhoomadevi A Benjamin A. Stark Nicole K. DeCleene Prerna Agarwal Emily C. Desai Johnathan M. Hsu Catherine O. Johnson Laura Lara-Castor Suneth Buddhika Agampodi Sepehr Aghajanian Prof Ahmed Abdelalim Salahdein Aburuz Omar M. Abdelfattah Prof Reda Abdel-Hameed Prof Wael M Abdel-Rahman Mahmoud Abdelnabi Lucas Guimarães Abreu Prof Olumide Abiodun Rui Adão Mujahid Abdullah Apurba Acharya Aminu Kende Kende Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau Abubakar Swetha Acharya Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji Rishan Adha Wirawan Adikusuma Lawan Hassan Adamu Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Gina Agarwal Ahmed M. Afifi Fatemeh Afrashteh Hedayat Abbastabar Samar Abd ElHafeez Asrat Agalu Abejew Kulmira Abdykerimova Aidin Abedi Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun Shady Abohashem Rahim Abo Kasem Nagah M. Abourashed Dmitry Abramov Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya Meshack Achore Ousman Adal Habeeb Abiodun Afolabi Hasan Aalruz Arman Abdous Auwal Abdullahi Isaac Yeboah Addo David Adedia Hassan Abolhassani Richard Gyan Aboagye Ulric Sena Abonie Abdullahi Tunde Aborode Parsa Abdi Wakgari Mosisa Abdisa Victor Adekanmbi Kate E. LeGrand Mohammad Abavisani Oladimeji Muritala Adebayo Oyelola A. Adegboye Daba Abdissa Mohammadreza Abbasian Arya Afrooghe Dhiraj Motilal Agarwal Temesgen Anjulo Ageru Dina Abushanab Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi Oluwatobi E. Adegbile Olumide Thomas Adeleke David Adzrago Leticia Akua Adzigbli Nasir Abbas Prince Owusu Adoma Kishor Adhikari Salahdein Aburuz

Publication Name: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Publication Date: 2025-12-02

Volume: 86

Issue: 22

Page Range: 2167-2243

Description:

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging. Objectives: We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden from 1990 to 2023 and identified drivers of change including population growth, population aging, and risk factor exposure. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, a multinational collaborative research study, quantified burden due to 375 diseases including CVD burden and identified drivers of change from 1990 to 2023 using all available data and statistical models. GBD 2023 estimated the population-level burden of diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. Results: CVDs were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths estimated in the GBD. As of 2023, there were 437 million (95% UI: 401 to 465 million) CVD DALYs globally, a 1.4-fold increase from the number in 1990 of 320 million (292 to 344 million). Ischemic heart disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive heart disease were the leading cardiovascular causes of DALYs in 2023 globally. As of 2023, age-standardized CVD DALY rates were highest in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) settings and lowest in high SDI settings. The number of CVD deaths increased globally from 13.1 million (95% UI: 12.2 to 14.0 million) in 1990 to 19.2 million (95% UI: 17.4 to 20.4 million) in 2023. The number of prevalent cases of CVD more than doubled since 1990, with 311 million (95% UI: 294 to 333 million) prevalent cases of CVD in 1990 and 626 million (95% UI: 591 to 672 million) prevalent cases in 2023 globally. A total of 79.6% (95% UI: 75.7% to 82.5%) of CVD burden is attributable to modifiable risk factors 347 million [95% UI: 318 to 373 million] DALYs in 2023). Globally, high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and air pollution were the modifiable risks responsible for most attributable CVD burden in 2023. Since 1990, changes in exposure to modifiable risk factors have had mixed effects on CVD burden, with increases in high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and low physical activity leading to higher burden, while reductions in tobacco usage have mitigated some of these increases. Population growth and population aging were the main drivers of the increasing burden since 1990, adding 128 million (95% UI: 115 to 139 million) and 139 million (95% UI: 126 to 151 million) CVD DALYs to the increase in CVD burden since 1990. Conclusions: CVD remains the leading cause of disease burden and death worldwide with the greatest burden in low, low-middle, and middle SDI regions. Large variation exists in CVD burden even for countries at similar levels of development, a gap explained substantially by known, modifiable risk factors that are inadequately controlled. The decades-long increase in CVD burden was the result of population growth, population aging, and increased exposure to a subset of risk factors led by metabolic risks. Countries will need to adopt effective health system and public health strategies if they are to progress in achieving global goals to reduce the burden of CVD.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.015