Objectives: This study examines the impact of evaluation criteria—relevance, coherence, and effectiveness—on the success of humanitarian projects in the Gaza Strip, with efficiency as a mediating factor. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these criteria interact to enhance project outcomes in complex humanitarian settings. Methods/Analysis: The research employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze data collected from 350 respondents involved in humanitarian projects. The analysis assesses the direct and mediated effects of relevance, coherence, and effectiveness on project success, offering empirical insights into the role of efficiency in optimizing resource utilization. Findings: The results indicate that relevance, coherence, and effectiveness significantly influence project success, while efficiency strengthens these relationships by ensuring better resource allocation and implementation. The study highlights the importance of community engagement, alignment with local needs, and cultural sensitivity in achieving sustainable project outcomes. Novelty/Improvement: This research presents an integrated evaluation framework that enhances understanding of the interplay between key project assessment criteria and efficiency in humanitarian work. The findings provide actionable insights for organizations operating in complex environments like Gaza, helping refine project planning and execution strategies to improve sustainability and impact.

Changes in tourists’ behavior in recent times have been considered a driving force for emphasizing the importance of unpopular tourism destinations as one of the key potentials in the tourism industry in any nation. On the road to reviving unpopular tourism destinations, this study aims to identify the potential tourism aspect and development of the Ngawen Temple in Indonesia. This research applies the placemaking approach as the main strategy for resurrecting Ngawen Temple. By using visitor surveys, visitor flows, and community surveys, this research obtains a clearer assessment for determining the planning development of Ngawen Temple. The research results revealed that unpopular destinations still have the potential to be developed and bring more benefits to the local economy by conducting a comprehensive placemaking approach. Accordingly, possible strategies based on various literature and field observations can provide clues to stakeholders on how to use their tourism assets to improve local communities’ economies. Some of the most frequently proposed strategies are the following: link the unpopular destination with other popular ones through structured tourism trips; design a “tourist trap,” which is a created place to hold tourists longer in a destination using new additional facilities; improve the infrastructure; and establish more creative tourism spaces, such as tourism centers.

The spatial distribution of tourism attractions plays an important role in shaping visitor travel behaviour, accessibility to tourism locations, and tourist destination management and planning. This study examines the spatial patterns of tourism attractions in Luxor Governorate, Egypt, and the factors influencing these spatial relationships using a variety of geospatial analysis techniques. These techniques include Nearest Neighbour Index (NNI), Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), and Local Moran’s I. In addition, a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geodetector were applied to determine which of sixteen identified factors influenced the distribution of tourist attractions in Luxor. Finally, the spatial relationships between the identified factors and the distribution of tourist attractions were analysed through the use of Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The results show that there is a strong clustering of tourism attractions in Luxor within three main hubs: Luxor City (East Bank), Qurna (West Bank), and Esna. The results further indicate that the most influential factors influencing the distribution of tourist attractions in Luxor include regional services centrality, GDP index, proximity to urban centres, tourism workforce localisation, urbanisation level, and environmental quality, respectfully. The implications of this research provide practical applications for developing more sustainable and balanced tourism development strategies in heritage-rich regions such as Luxor.