To effectively support new rural CBTs and create development plans, it is necessary to have a broad understanding of rural CBT in developing countries. This study uses Indonesia as a case study to map and analyze patterns in earlier research in order to establish a conceptual framework. The study used a qualitative content analysis methodology to find important themes and trends in Indonesia's rural CBT development by examining journal papers indexed by Scopus that were referenced by other researchers. By charting these academic works, the researchers were able to get a wider view and identify potential problems in the sector. The analysis identified five interconnected dimensions - spatial aspects, local attractions, rural capacity, economic viability, and socio-cultural components - that form the foundation of rural CBT. These dimensions are critical in building a comprehensive framework that guides development planning, stakeholder collaboration, and long-term sustainability. Findings emphasize the importance of aligning rural CBT development with the principles of the circular economy, which promote environmental stewardship, community empowerment, and sustainable resource management. The study also highlights how preserving social capital, fostering inclusiveness, and enhancing local welfare are long-term goals achievable through strategic mapping, capacity building, and equitable profit distribution. The study also emphasizes how important social media and digital platforms are in influencing public perceptions and interest in rural tourism, which has aided in the quick ascent of rural CBT organizations throughout Indonesia. It becomes clear that community involvement and government assistance are essential to turning rural regions into sustainable travel destinations. Nonetheless, it is necessary to address enduring issues including environmental degradation, human resource problems, and infrastructure constraints. Ultimately, the study offers a rural CBT framework that can assist policymakers, tourism planners, and local stakeholders in making context-sensitive decisions. By integrating socio-spatial understanding, participatory planning, and capacity-focused strategies, stakeholders can create more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable tourism systems. This framework not only supports local livelihoods but also aligns with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a replicable model for other developing countries seeking to implement rural CBT initiatives effectively.

Indonesia’s tourism industry has emerged as a strategic sector, contributing to the country’s foreign exchange earnings. Given the prominence of this sector, there is significant potential for further development. Indeed, a mapping study to assess the dissemination of the trend and the potential for further issues to emerge would be highly beneficial. It is encouraging to note that academics have produced substantial literature on the subject, offering insights into its many facets. However, there is still a need for more in-depth analysis to understand the trends and issues currently facing the sector entirely. Consequently, this article examines the core themes in Indonesia’s tourism studies and maps the potential for future research on tourism issues and regulations. To this end, it employs a qualitative, four-year data set (2020– 2023) and a SWOT analysis to identify critical aspects of Indonesian tourism issues. The data was collected in three forms: government reports, statistical data, and research articles (n = 252 samples) from the Scopus database. The results demonstrate that the predominant trend in Indonesia’s tourism industry is the widespread embrace of ecotourism at both the local and regional levels. Instead of identifying a limited number of leading destinations, the focus has shifted towards developing tourism villages and multi-stakeholder tourism. The primary concerns are the Indonesian tourism industry’s growth potential and sustainability. The development potential of Indonesian destinations based on SWOT objectives is a crucial aspect, and its score shows that Indonesia’s tourism sector is strategically positioned to take advantage of strengths and opportunities.

The article aims to evaluate the participation of below-poverty-line local community in tourism-related business activity in Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. Further, this article addressed for those who work in the tourism sector. The study employs a mix of methods, including survey data from 500 respondents with a random sampling approach, using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tools for analysis, other methods were interviews and observations at six tourism sites in Garhwal and four sites in Kumaun. Our findings showed that there has declined in community participation in tourism development, due to the lack of economic benefits obtained in the tourism sector, many believe that the tourism sector does not provide much income growth for them and does not make a significant contribution to the development of their region. Moreover, lack of understanding is considered the basis for community’s inability to play an active role, and lack of stakeholders’ involvement in encouraging them to improve their economy and culture through the tourism sector. Ultimately, this research also underlines the existence of some efforts by tourism travel to encourage public trust, which can help reduce poverty and increase community trust in tourism development in their region.

Changes in tourists’ behavior in recent times have been considered a driving force for emphasizing the importance of unpopular tourism destinations as one of the key potentials in the tourism industry in any nation. On the road to reviving unpopular tourism destinations, this study aims to identify the potential tourism aspect and development of the Ngawen Temple in Indonesia. This research applies the placemaking approach as the main strategy for resurrecting Ngawen Temple. By using visitor surveys, visitor flows, and community surveys, this research obtains a clearer assessment for determining the planning development of Ngawen Temple. The research results revealed that unpopular destinations still have the potential to be developed and bring more benefits to the local economy by conducting a comprehensive placemaking approach. Accordingly, possible strategies based on various literature and field observations can provide clues to stakeholders on how to use their tourism assets to improve local communities’ economies. Some of the most frequently proposed strategies are the following: link the unpopular destination with other popular ones through structured tourism trips; design a “tourist trap,” which is a created place to hold tourists longer in a destination using new additional facilities; improve the infrastructure; and establish more creative tourism spaces, such as tourism centers.