Mohammad Fahad

57575152500

Publications - 16

Cost Efficiency Evaluation of Ceramic Fiber, Glass Fiber, and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures

Mohammad Fahad Nagy Richard

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 14

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The performance of SBS (Styrene Butadiene Styrene) modified asphalt mixtures can be enhanced through the addition of fibers including basalt, ceramic, and glass. This study investigates whether a reduced SBS content of 3%, combined with 0.3% fiber reinforcement can match or exceed the performance of a traditional 7% SBS mixture. A comparative analysis was carried out by examining both performance efficiency and life cycle costs across ceramic, basalt, and glass fiber-reinforced mixtures. Maintenance requirements for each scenario were factored into the life cycle analysis. To assess structural integrity, 3D finite element simulations were conducted using the Burger’s logit model while focusing on fatigue and rutting damage. Findings indicate that basalt and ceramic fiber mixtures deliver better asphalt mixtures, thereby outperforming the 7% SBS mix by requiring fewer maintenance interventions. However, due to the higher cost of ceramic fiber mixtures at 831 Eur/m3, basalt fiber emerges as the more cost-effective option, achieving a performance efficiency gain of 20% with reduced costs at 532 Eur/m3. Among the fiber-reinforced variants, glass fiber showed the least improvement in performance, with a difference in 11% and 13% when compared to ceramic fiber and basal fiber, respectively.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15147919

Performance comparison of polymer and fiber modified asphalt mixtures

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-06-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The performance of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures can be enhanced by incorporating various types of fibers offering a cost-effective alternative to increasing the SBS content. In this study, three different fibers, Basalt, Polyester, and Lignin fibers were added to a 3% SBS-modified bitumen binder, and their performance was compared to a 7% SBS mixture without fibers. Laboratory tests, including indirect tensile strength and dynamic shear rheometer tests, were used to evaluate the mixtures. The indirect tensile strength of all samples was assessed at loading rates ranging from 10 to 70 MPa/s, while stiffness moduli were tested at frequencies of 5 Hz, 3.5 Hz, 1.9 Hz, and 1.2 Hz. Finite element simulations using the Burger’s Logit model have been performed and microstrain analysis has been carried out to assess rutting and fatigue damage, complementing the experimental results. The findings demonstrated that fiber-modified mixtures exhibited superior performance, with increased tensile strength and complex shear modulus. Among the fiber types, Basalt fiber showed the best results, outperforming the others, while Polyester and Lignin fibers displayed nearly identical performance. The Basalt fiber mixture outperformed the SBS-7% mixture by 25% in rutting resistance and 28% in fatigue damage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-025-07134-7

Laboratory Evaluation and Finite Element Modeling of SBS and Basalt Fiber Modified Mixtures

Mohammad Fahad Nagy Richard

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-05-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The incorporation of basalt fiber into asphalt mixtures offers potential improvements in their viscoelastic properties. This study explores the addition of basalt fiber to Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt mixtures with varying SBS contents. Specifically, 0.3% basalt fiber was added to an asphalt mixture containing 3% SBS, and its performance, measured in terms of dynamic stability and flexural strength, was compared with a mixture with 7% SBS content. Additionally, finite element analysis using the Modified Burger’s Logit model was conducted to assess rutting and fatigue behavior. Given the high cost associated with increasing the SBS content, basalt fiber presents a cost-effective alternative without sacrificing performance. Laboratory tests, including the Marshall stability test, dynamic stability, flexural strength, and fatigue tests, were conducted to evaluate both mixtures. Results indicate that the mixture with 0.3% basalt fiber and 3% SBS outperforms the 7% SBS mixture, showing a 47% improvement in dynamic stability and rutting resistance and a 16% increase in flexural strength.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15094965

Finite Element Modeling and Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Lignin, Basalt and Polyester Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-04-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The performance of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt mixtures can be further improved by adding a variety of fibers available. Addition of fibers provides a cost-effective solution against increasing the dosage of SBS modified asphalt mixtures. Therefore, in this research three different types of fibers—basalt fiber, polyester fiber and lignin fiber—were added to SBS-7% bitumen binder and their performance was compared with SBS-7% mixture without any fibers. The performance was compared using laboratory tests, including indirect tensile strength tests and dynamic shear rheometer. Indirect tensile strength of all the mixtures was evaluated at various loading rates from 10 MPa/s to 70 MPa/s. Furthermore, stiffness moduli of mixtures were evaluated at frequency rages of 5 Hz, 3.5 Hz, 1.9 Hz and 1.2 Hz. Finite element simulations were conducted using the Burger’s logit model, and microstrain analysis was performed to evaluate rutting and fatigue damage. The results show increased performance in terms of gained tensile strength and complex shear modulus for fiber-modified mixtures. Among the fiber-modified mixtures, basalt fiber outperforms other mixtures. PF and LF exhibit almost similar performances. Basalt fiber mixture outperforms the SBS-7% mixture by 25% and 28% in terms of rutting and fatigue damage, respectively.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15073953

Data-Driven Pavement Performance: Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models

Nurullah Bektaş Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-04-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Featured Application: This research provides effective methodology for pavement performance predictions using the data obtained from finite element analysis and merging it with machine learning algorithms. Traditional methods for predicting pavement performance rely on complex finite element modelling and empirical equations, which are computationally expensive and time-consuming. However, machine learning models offer a time-efficient solution for predicting pavement performance. This study utilizes a range of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbour, Support Vector Regression, LightGBM and CatBoost, to analyse their effectiveness in predicting pavement performance. The input variables include axle load, truck load, traffic speed, lateral wander modes, asphalt layer thickness, traffic lane width and tire types, while the output variables consist of number of passes to fatigue damage, number of passes to rutting damage, fatigue life reduction in number of years and rut depth at 1.3 million passes. A k-fold cross-validation technique was employed to optimize hyperparameters. Results indicate that LightGBM and CatBoost outperform other models, achieving the lowest mean squared error and highest R² values. In contrast, linear regression and KNN demonstrated the lowest performance, with MSE values up to 188% higher than CatBoost. This study concludes that integrating machine learning with finite element analysis provides further improvements in pavement performance predictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15073889

Finite element modelling and indirect tensile strength of SBS and CR modified asphalt mixtures

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Different modifications in asphalt mixtures can be employed to improve the performance of asphalt pavements in terms of rutting and fatigue damage resistance enhancement. Performance of asphalt mixtures can be further enhanced with the use of different proportions of modifiers added to bitumen, however the optimum proportion of the modifiers added require further experimentation in terms of indirect tensile strength of asphalt mixtures. This research consists of selection of different proportions of Polymer (SBS—Styrene Butadiene Styrene) and CR (Crumb Rubber) modifiers, that have been used in various amounts at 7% CR, 15% CR, 20% CR, 4% SBS, 7% SBS to base bitumen and the performance has been compared with base asphalt mixture. Indirect tensile strength for each mixtures type has been evaluated in the lab with varying rise time. Furthermore, stiffness moduli of each mixture have been evaluated at four different frequency values of 1.2 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 3.5 Hz and 5 Hz at 20 °C. Moreover, tensile strength for each mixture type and its progression with varying loading rates from 10 MPa/s to 70 MPa/s has been evaluated. A 2D finite element software, ABAQUS has been used to perform microstrain analysis for each mixture type. Fatigue and rutting damage models have been used to evaluate performance of each mixture type. Results show superior performance of SBS-7 and CR-20 mixtures in terms of rutting and fatigue damage resistance when compared to base asphalt. SBS-7 and CR-20 show 28% better performance in terms of fatigue damage resistance when compared to base asphalt. SBS-7 outperforms CR-20 in terms of rutting resistance by 22%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-025-06463-x

Performance of PMMA and SBS Modified Asphalt Mixtures in Railway Supplementary Layers and Road Pavements

Szabolcs Fischer Richárd Nagy Şevket Aslan Mohammad Fahad Szabolcs Rosta Furkan Kaya Klaudia Madarász

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 3

Page Range: 334-346

Description:

The use of recycled waste elastic materials provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option for further modifying the performance of asphalt mixtures. Therefore, the effects of different proportions of (PMMA) polymethyl methacrylate derived from waste plastic material were evaluated using the Indirect Tensile Strength Test (ITST) of lab-prepared specimens. Since numerous methods of modifying the conventional asphalt binder are available, in this research, the virgin binder was modified with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% PMMA for evaluating optimum performance proportions in terms of Marshall stability and ITST of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, stiffness modulus tests were performed at frequency values of 1.2 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 3.9 Hz and 5 Hz. The effect of the loading rate from 10 MPa/s to 70 MPa/s was evaluated with an increment of 10 MPa/s for all proportions. Moreover, finite element modeling was performed using the data obtained from dynamic modulus tests with modified Burger's Logit model for evaluation of rutting progression. Results show improved performance of asphalt mixtures with the addition of PMMA, leading to variation in properties including penetration, softening point, Marshall stability and rutting resistance. It is recommended to use 5% PMMA for increased indirect tensile strength, Marshall stability, rutting and fatigue damage resistance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.39763

The Usability of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Marshall Samples for Asphalt Pavements Using in Railway Supplementary Layers

Szabolcs Fischer Richárd Nagy Şevket Aslan Mohammad Fahad Szabolcs Rosta Furkan Kaya Klaudia Madarász

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 34-45

Description:

In today's world, construction and infrastructure projects necessitate innovative solutions in environmental sustainability and materials engineering. In this context, research efforts to improve the properties of asphalt mixtures, reduce environmental impacts, and contribute to recycling hold great significance. This study focuses on modifying stone mastic asphalt mixtures with waste material derived from Polymethyl Methacrylate. Using Polymethyl Methacrylate as waste plastic material represents a significant step forward in recycling and sustainable material usage. In the study, Marshall specimens were obtained using Polymethyl Methacrylate in different proportions in bitumen and aggregate. The results of the Marshall specimens were evaluated to determine the usability and optimum ratios of Polymethyl Methacrylate. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Polymethyl Methacrylate on stone mastic asphalt mixtures as a support layer in railway tracks to help reduce noise and vibration. The results demonstrate that varying concentrations of Polymethyl Methacrylate in both aggregate and bitumen significantly alter the mechanical and thermal properties of the asphalt. For instance, incorporating 2.5% Polymethyl Methacrylate in the aggregate increased the VMA to 21, resulting in VFA values of 66. Furthermore, using Polymethyl Methacrylate in the aggregate increased the asphalt samples’ height, ranging from 69 to 72 mm. These findings underscore the effectiveness and feasibility of Polymethyl Methacrylate in sustainable asphalt projects. Following highway technical specifications, incorporating Polymethyl Methacrylate in specific proportions in stone mastic asphalt mixtures can enhance their performance, representing a significant step towards sustainable road construction. However, when the concentration of Polymethyl Methacrylate in the bitumen increased, the bitumen formed deteriorated. Therefore, using waste Polymethyl Methacrylate between 4% and 5% can be considered suitable for improving the properties of bitumen against sustainability and temperature concerns.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_4

Sustainability implications of lateral wander modes for autonomous trucks

Csaba Koren Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Autonomous trucks can bring changes in transport infrastructure in terms of sustainability based on the type of lateral wander mode used. In this research, two lateral wander modes, a zero wander and uniform wander mode are analyzed based on their applicability for sustainability by analyzing the CO2 emissions occurred during pavements life cycle. Both lateral wander modes have been analyzed in terms of occurrence of fatigue damage by using finite element analysis in ABAQUS. The fatigue damage predictions have then been used for planning the maintenance interventions for both lateral wander modes. Life cycle analysis has been performed for the analysis period of 30 years for the pavement section of 10 km. Results show that zero wander mode generates more emissions as a result of premature fatigue damage under channelized loading. The uniform wander mode leads to 20% less emissions when compared to zero wander mode. Moreover, the use of full depth reclamation during pavement’s life cycle improves the CO2 emissions by 15% when compared to traditional removal and reconstruction methods. Therefore, the uniform wander mode is favorable for improvement of pavement sustainability in terms of CO2 emissions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05732-5

Effective lane width analysis for autonomous trucks

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: SN Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2023-09-01

Volume: 5

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Lateral wander of autonomous truck can be further improved by optimizing the uniform wander. Increase in available lane width for the autonomous trucks can increase the performance efficiency of this mode. This research is based on finding the optimum, combination of lane width increment and asphalt layer thickness reduction among different scenarios. Therefore, In this research with assumed maximum lane width of 4.35 m, difference combination of lane width and asphalt layer thickness scenarios have been analyzed using finite element modelling in ABAQUS. Considering the base pavement width of 3.75 m, increment for each scenario is 15 cm and reduction in asphalt layer thickness is at 2 cm. Performance efficiency of each scenario is conducted while considering the initial construction costs and damage assessment for each scenario. Moreover, life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is conducted for the base scenario and selected optimum scenario. Results show that increase in pavement width beyond 4.2 m, renders the scenarios uneconomical and thus, the scenario consisting of 4.2 m lane width and 16 cm asphalt layer thickness yield a maximum performance efficiency of 20% among all other alternatives. LCCA analysis shows that a difference in salvage value of 42 million Euros exists when compared with the base scenario. By selecting the optimum lane width of 4.2 m and asphalt layer thickness of 16 cm, Pavement lifetime can be further increased by 13 years with full depth reclamation used as maintenance intervention.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05446-0

Influence of class A40 autonomous truck on rutting and fatigue cracking

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2023-07-11

Volume: 18

Issue: 2

Page Range: 84-89

Description:

Effects of autonomous trucks' different lateral wander modes have been analyzed in this research using a dload subroutine. Two lateral wander modes, a zero-wander mode in which a truck is programmed to follow a predetermined wheel path without any lateral movement and a uniform wander mode, where the truck uniformly distributes itself along the lateral width of the lane, are used. European class A40 truck has been modeled in ABAQUS code. Results show that fatigue life of pavement increases by 1.45 times if a uniform wander mode is used, which corresponds to a decrease in fatigue life of 14 months if a zero-wander mode is used. In case of rutting progression, 40% acceleration of rutting happens under a zero-wander mode. In case of uniform wander mode, rut depth decreases by 1.25 times against the zero-wander mode.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2023.00760

Truck platoon analysis for autonomous trucks

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: SN Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2023-05-01

Volume: 5

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Selection of optimum platoon pattern based on types of trucks inside the platoon, the number of trucks in the platoon, headway distance, interplatoon distance as well as the use of different lateral wander modes for autonomous trucks has been analyzed. The objective of this research is to study the impacts of axle configurations, truck grouping, headway distance and lateral wander options on the performance of truck platoons. Four different headway distances from 2 to 5 m are compared. The first platoon PT-1 only consists of semi trailers, the second platoon PT-2 only consists of rigid body trucks and the third platoon PT-3 consists of equally distributed random traffic mix. Analysis has been conducted using the dload subroutine for projecting zero wander and uniform wander movements for each truck in the platoon on a three layered pavement crossection at vehicle speeds of 90 km/h for a total of 15 years of pavement lifetime consisting of 1.4 million equivalent single axle loads in finite element software ABAQUS. Results show that PT-3 platoon yields the minimum accumulation of damaging strains when compared against other platoon types. A headway distance of 5 m is suggested when using a zero wander mode and 3 m when using a uniform wander mode. In case of zero wander mode, fatigue life of the pavement decreases by 1.2 years and the use of uniform wander mode delays the rutting by 1.6 years, thereby increasing lifetime of the pavement.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05352-5

Pavement Sustainability Implications of Different Lateral Wander Modes for Autonomous Trucks

Csaba Koren Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 631-636

Description:

Autonomous trucks can bring changes in transport infrastructure in terms of sustainability based on the type of lateral wander mode used. In this research, two lateral wander modes, a zero wander and a uniform wander mode, are analysed based on their applicability for sustainability in terms of CO2 emissions. Life cycle analysis has been performed for the analysis period of 30 y for the pavement section of 10 km, along with fatigue predictions. Results show that zero wander mode generates more emissions as a result of premature fatigue damage under channelized loading. The uniform wander mode yields 20 % fewer emissions. Moreover, the use of full-depth reclamation during the pavement's Life Cycle improves the CO2 emissions by 15 % when compared to traditional removal and reconstruction methods. Therefore, the uniform wander mode is favourable for the improvement of pavement sustainability in terms of CO2 emissions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107106

Fatigue damage analysis of pavements under autonomous truck tire passes

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2022-12-31

Volume: 17

Issue: 3

Page Range: 59-64

Description:

Two different tire configurations consisting of a dual tire and a super single wide tire having different range and distribution of contact pressures have been analyzed. Along with the effect of speed on development of pavement damage at speeds of 5, 50 and 80 km h-1 under zero and uniform wander modes. Results show that at super slow speeds of 5 km h-1, at dual wheel moving at zero wander mode, decrease in fatigue life of the pavement is 3.5 years, which is 1.45 times more than the dual wheel moving at uniform wander and 3.4 times more than wide tire moving at uniform wander mode. The difference between fatigue damage at different lateral wander modes is prominent at speeds greater than 50 km h-1. A wide tire performs better than the dual wheel under zero wander configurations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2022.00588

PAVEMENT SENSING SYSTEMS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad Daniel Gosztola

Publication Name: Civil and Environmental Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-12-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 2

Page Range: 603-630

Description:

In situ monitoring of pavement health has been getting much attention due to the efficiency, reliability and accuracy of data. This review consists of various embedded as well as nondestructive sensing options that have been used to perform analysis on pavement health either by simply calculating horizontal and vertical strains under pavement layers or by crack detection models inside pavement structures by supplementing information from moisture, temperature and traffic related sensors. With optimum integration of such combination sensors, engineers can predict the optimum rehabilitation time of the pavements and reduce a huge amount of budget spent on infrastructure reconstruction.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/cee-2022-0057

Creep model to determine rut development by autonomous truck axles on pavement

Péter Fülkei-T Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2022-04-30

Volume: 17

Issue: 1

Page Range: 66-71

Description:

Impacts of autonomous truck's passes on pavement have been analyzed in this research. Two types of lateral positioning namely zero wander and uniform wander along with a super single wide tire and a dual tire have been analyzed with variable traffic speeds in ABQUS. The study concludes with the results in favor of usage of a super single wide tire under a uniform wander mode. The highest amount of pavement damage in terms of maximum rut depth is caused by the dual wheel assembly moving under a zero-wander mode. The magnitude of rut depth increases by a factor of two when a dual tire assembly is used instead of a wide tire assembly. At a uniform wander mode, rut depth increases by 0.2 mm for every 10 km/h decrease in traffic speed within 90 km/h to 70 km/h range.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2021.00328