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Evaluation of HRTF data using the head-Related Transfer Function Differences

András Illényi György Wersényi

Publication Name: Forum Acusticum Budapest 2005 4th European Congress on Acustics

Publication Date: 2005-12-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2475-2479

Description:

A simple spectral computation method is introduced for the evaluation of differences in dummy-head Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs). These transfer functions describe the directional-dependent filtering of the outer ears and are responsible for basic localization cues. Head-Related Transfer Function Differences (HRTFDs) are defined as the quotient of measured HRTFs in the same direction, comparing the cases of modified environmental conditions. The HRTFDs are relative measures and thus free from systematic errors of the measurement system and individual parameters. Our experience shows that HRTFDs are well suited to analyze the fine structure of measured HRTF data and for representation of the changes in the acoustical environment near or on the head. HRTFDs of a BK dummy-head will be shown representing differences from about 1 dB. This measurement accuracy was determined by replacing the dummy-head with an omnidirectional microphone.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

TACO: Adversarial Camouflage Optimization on Trucks to Fool Object Detectors

Viktor Remeli Adonisz Dimitriu Tamas V. Michaletzky

Publication Name: Big Data and Cognitive Computing

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Adversarial attacks threaten the reliability of machine learning models in critical applications like autonomous vehicles and defense systems. As object detectors become more robust with models like YOLOv8, developing effective adversarial methodologies is increasingly challenging. We present Truck Adversarial Camouflage Optimization (TACO), a novel framework that generates adversarial camouflage patterns on 3D vehicle models to deceive state-of-the-art object detectors. Adopting Unreal Engine 5, TACO integrates differentiable rendering with a Photorealistic Rendering Network to optimize adversarial textures targeted at YOLOv8. To ensure the generated textures are both effective in deceiving detectors and visually plausible, we introduce the Convolutional Smooth Loss function, a generalized smooth loss function. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that TACO significantly degrades YOLOv8’s detection performance, achieving an AP@0.5 of 0.0099 on unseen test data. Furthermore, these adversarial patterns exhibit strong transferability to other object detection models such as Faster R-CNN and earlier YOLO versions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/bdcc9030072

Development processes of regional centres in Central and Southeast Europe - From state socialism to dependent market economies

Szilárd Rácz

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Page Range: 92-100

Description:

The background of the current research is that despite the existence of a vast amount of literature devoted to the study of post-socialist transition processes, there is a relative scarcity of international comparative analyses on Central and Southeast European metropolises. The research seeks to explore FDI-driven transformation and development processes in Central and Southeast European regional centres in the posttransition period. The geographical focus of the analysis is limited to Central and Southeast European postsocialist states, while the scale of the analysis targets the metropolitan and regional level. The present study provides a brief summary of the first phase of the research constituted by literature review.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2019.017

Gender Differences in Environmental Attitudes: An Analysis Using the NEP Scale

Nikolett Gyurián Nagy Nikolett Gyurián Nagy

Publication Name: Gender Issues

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 42

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study initially conducted a systematic literature review to examine gender differences in environmental orientation (EO) using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. Following PRISMA guidelines, 38 studies were selected from a total of 168, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the topic. Based on the insights gained from the review, a large sample survey was then conducted to explore further the differences in EO between male and female consumers. The results were compared with previous studies employing similar methodologies. The central research question is: Does gender identity influence EO as measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale? The NEP scale is a well-established instrument for assessing environmental attitudes. The significance of this topic lies in the potential impact of differing attitudes among gender groups on the effectiveness of communication and comprehension. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing strategies for sustainable development through targeted and effective messaging. Our findings indicate that women exhibit a higher NEP orientation, suggesting they are more aware of environmental concerns than men. The systematic review also confirmed this trend, with the majority of studies reporting higher environmental awareness among women. Additionally, women demonstrate greater awareness of related problems and a higher willingness to change their behavior to reduce their environmental impact. In contrast, men’s attitudes are more varied, reflecting a broader diversity of opinions within this group.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s12147-024-09349-1

FAMILY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM HUNGARY

Áron Szennay Melinda Krankovits Konczosné M. Szombathelyi Csákné J. Filep

Publication Name: Central European Business Review

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 5

Page Range: 23-40

Description:

Family firms, accounting for 60% of European private sector jobs, play a critical role in advancing business sector sustainability through their practices and employment characteristics. This study examines family entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward sustainability using quantitative methods and the 2023 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Annual Population Survey (APS) dataset from Hungary. Businesses were categorised into nonfamily, one-person, and family enterprises. After analysing the reliability of sustainability-related questions, two indices measuring attitudes toward environmental, social, and economic sustainability were constructed: a comprehensive index allowing compensation between dimensions and an aggregate evaluation index. Using one-way ANOVA, we compared sustainability indices across the business categories. Results revealed no significant differences in sustainability performance, irrespective of the indicator used. Robustness was confirmed with four control variables (gender, educational attainment, entrepreneurship phase, and number of jobs created), none of which indicated significant differences. No significant correlations emerged between sustainability indices and entrepreneurs’ age. These findings align with prior analyses, indicating no marked differences in sustainability attitudes between family and non-family firms. Two factors may explain these results: Hungary’s market dominance by microbusinesses due to disrupted business traditions during the socialist era and GEM’s focus on entrepreneurship, favouring smaller entities like sole proprietorships. Implications for Central European audience: This study underscores the need to continuously develop sustainable business attitudes. It also offers a recent literature review, providing valuable insights for Central European researchers, corporate leaders, and family business managers.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.18267/j.cebr.399

A Localized Method of Fundamental Solutions for the Stokes Equations

Csaba Gáspár

Publication Name: Advances in Science and Technology

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 165 AST

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 31-39

Description:

The Method of Fundamental Solution applied to the Stokes equation is investigated. Instead of using the classical approach, the problem is split into several subproblems defined on much smaller subdomains. Each local problem is solved by the Method of Fundamental Solutions. Having solved the local problems, the approximate solution is updated at the central point of the local subdomain. This results in a Seidel-like iterative method, which mimics the classical overlapping Schwarz method. In contrast to the traditional Method of Fundamental Solutions, the resulting localized method avoids the problem of large, dense and ill-conditioned linear systems of equations, and, at the same time, remains a truly meshfree technique.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4028/p-SK5Xfk

Fuzzy control of self-balancing robots: A control laboratory project

Péter Odry Akos Odry Imre J. Rudas Robert Fuller

Publication Name: Computer Applications in Engineering Education

Publication Date: 2020-05-01

Volume: 28

Issue: 3

Page Range: 512-535

Description:

This paper presents a novel control laboratory project that provides hands-on experience in feedback control concepts (embedded control systems) through dedicated assignments, with a particular focus on the design and implementation of fuzzy control. The project is structured around an inexpensive, portable self-balancing robot (SBR), whose embedded system is realized using commercially available breakout boards as the first assignment. For the stabilization of the plant, students are guided to execute the essential stages of control system design, from system modeling and parameter optimization, over basic or advanced control strategy design in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, to both implementation and validation of the closed loop on the real robot. To demonstrate and foster the application of fuzzy logic, the second part of the paper introduces a simple control strategy based on fuzzy logic controllers. Then, a lookup table-based implementation technique is described for the demonstration of manual interfacing and embedded coding of fuzzy control strategies. The proposed methods are clear and straightforward; they highly foster the understanding of feedback control techniques and allow students to gain vast knowledge in the practical implementations of control systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/cae.22219

Household Food Waste Reduction Determinants in Hungary: Towards Understanding Responsibility, Awareness, Norms, and Barriers

Veronika Keller Szandra Gombos

Publication Name: Foods

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Food waste poses a substantial global challenge, with intricate environmental, economic, and ethical ramifications. This study examines household food waste behaviors, emphasizing the interplay of personal responsibility, awareness of consequences, personal norms, and systemic barriers. Employing a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 60 households across Hungary’s Central and Western Transdanubian regions, this research explores factors influencing waste-reduction strategies across the pre-, mid-, and post-consumption phases. The thematic analysis of the interview data yielded key themes, including ascription of responsibility (AR), awareness of consequences (AC), personal norms (PN), demographic characteristics (DC), behavioral intentions (FWBI), and barriers (B). Participants identified barriers to waste reduction, such as impulse buying, poor storage practices, and limited knowledge of food rescue initiatives. Incorporating these barriers as a core variable deepens the understanding of systemic challenges, while stage-specific analysis illuminates the evolution of waste-reduction behaviors. These insights will inform targeted interventions, such as community programs, educational campaigns, and technology-driven solutions, including food rescue apps, to foster sustainable consumption. This study’s integration of behavioral theories with actionable strategies provides valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to reduce household food waste on a global scale.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/foods14050728

The role of industry 4.0 in global food security: A promising pathway to ending hunger

Barbara Bigliardi Zuhaib Bhat Abdo Hassoun Mohamed Buheji Abderahman Rejeb David Mhlanga

Publication Name: Smart Agricultural Technology

Publication Date: 2025-08-01

Volume: 11

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Ensuring global food security is a critical challenge that necessitates innovative solutions and advanced technologies. This study explores how the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) technologies can transform global food security by enhancing availability, access, utilization, stability, agency, and sustainability. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, and robotics are detailed, highlighting their current applications in the food sector. Emphasizing Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, the study examines how precision agriculture, smart farming, automated machinery, real-time monitoring, data analytics, and digitalization can improve food production, distribution, and quality, ultimately fostering food security. This comprehensive analysis offers strategic insights and policy recommendations for stakeholders to leverage these transformative technologies, ensuring a sustainable and secure food future for all.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.atech.2025.100974