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Found 6515 publications

Preliminary data of life and health insurance in the Roman Law (the collegium funeraticium and the collegium tenuiorum)

Ágnes Váradi

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2007-12-30

Volume: 148

Issue: 52

Page Range: 2477-2481

Description:

With the explosion of insurance contracts in the last two hundred years both in Europe and around the rest of the world, there is a temptation to think that the financing and insuring on projects on limited or non-recourse terms is a relatively novel concept. This is, however, far from being true. Indeed, there is an early evidence of project financing techniques and insurance contracts being actively used during the ancient times. The first examples come from the Roman law but there are similar legal institutions even in the ancient Greek legal system. - The essay analyses the legal history of assurances on lives and health in the Roman law, especially the question of the collegium tenuiorum and the collegium funeraticium. In the centre of the studies are the analyses of their legal personality, the changes in the regulation concerning their foundation, the purpose and the internal organisation. The treatment of the main topics begins with fragments from the material of the Corpus Iuris Civilis by Justinian. After that the views of the most important authors and the contemporary investigations in the Roman law found the statements of the paper. - As a result of these analyses we can see the process of development in the ancient legal systems, especially in the Roman law. And although these results have no immediate influence on the present legal regulation, it can demonstrate original tendencies in the field of insurances. This way we can prove that the Roman law is a still existing basis for the development in contractual law.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/OH.2007.28274

Intergenerational Interaction, Financial Well-Being, and Ageism in Kazakhstan During Covid Pandemic

Muyassar Kurbanova Éva Berde

Publication Name: Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: 1

Page Range: 108-124

Description:

As the age of a population increases, different problems arise in a society, which inevitably leads to ageism. The introduction of extraordinary measures to protect the older adults during COVID-19 further exacerbated the complexity of ageism and led to worsened financial well-being for households. This study aims to determine the financial and other factors associated with different ageist attitudes. 286 respondents from Kazakhstan participated in the online study, and the hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated a strong relationship between economic status and ageist behaviors. Moreover, COVID was positively associated with unfavorable ageist attitudes, whereas experience with older people reduces negative perceptions toward older people. Contribution: The results add new evidence to the intergenerational research that investigated ageism triggers. It suggests that financial well-being is one of the main components of negative ageist behavior, while it does not have an impact on positive one.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2024.2306514

Sustainability accounting for greenhouse gas emissions measurement using the GREET LCA model: practical review of automotive ESG reporting

Árpád Tóth Alex Suta Péter Molnár

Publication Name: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Publication Date: 2024-05-01

Volume: 26

Issue: 5

Page Range: 1631-1642

Description:

The production and personal use of passenger vehicles contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making personal transport a major contributor. In response to increasing pressure from regulators and consumers to lower emissions, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have introduced alternative powertrains, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs). To assess the economic and environmental feasibility of BEVs, OEMs conduct various life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches as part of their internal management practices. However, the public presentation of their results is often ambiguous and of unverifiable quality. This study conducts a review of sustainability impact reporting using the GREET model, which is based on the total vehicle life cycle. The paper provides a summary of the input data requirements for validating emissions from both the fuel and vehicle cycles as part of the proposed model. The availability of the model components was tested against actual public corporate environmental, social and governance reporting disclosures of the largest global automotive OEMs, indicating a deficit in the public presentation of essential sustainability information. The implications of the research suggest that LCA models could benefit sustainability accounting by incorporating proper tagging during accounting practices and taking advantage of digital accounting and reporting practices such as the extensible business reporting language (XBRL). By further developing the model, sustainability reporting can benefit from its structure and workflow, thus ensuring improved information validity for stakeholders. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-023-02588-y

The generalization of pascal’s triangle from algebraic point of view

No authors available

Publication Name: Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae

Publication Date: 1997-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue:

Page Range: 11-18

Description:

In this paper we generalize Pascal’s Triangle and examine the connections between the generalized triangles and powering integers and polynomials respectively.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Harmonic expansion and nonsmooth dynamics in a circular contact region with combined slip-spin motion

Mate Antali

Publication Name: Nonlinear Dynamics

Publication Date: 2024-05-01

Volume: 112

Issue: 9

Page Range: 6785-6811

Description:

We analyse a rigid body in planar motion while touching a rough plane at a finite-sized, circular contact area. Assuming Coulomb friction between the tangential and normal pressure distributions, the resultant forces and torques can be expressed formally with a nonsmooth dependence on the kinematic variables. In the literature, the exact form of the tangential forces is available for special pressure distributions expressed by transcendent functions; recently, an approximate linear model was introduced. Now, we present a nonlinear extension of the approximation, which can be used effectively to characterise slipping-sticking transitions between the bodies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11071-024-09462-6

Evaluation of Questionnaires by Combining Fuzzy Signatures, Factor Analysis and Least Squares Method

Dalia Susniene Márta Konczos Szombathelyi Szabolcs Ramhap Ojaras Purvinis Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: Ines 2020 IEEE 24th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems Proceedings

Publication Date: 2020-07-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 215-218

Description:

A survey based on a standard questionnaire on employee satisfaction was carried out in Hungary. The questionnaire was developed by international university research consortium. The qualitative data were collected from 1159 respondents. The subjective and therefore inexact answers represented in the Likert scale were mapped into fuzzy membership degrees. The article presents a method that consists of the combination of factor analysis and the least square method, applied for developing the fuzzy signature characterizing the employees' behavioural engagement.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/INES49302.2020.9147125

Hybrid Particle Filter-Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Application to Fuzzy Controlled Servo Systems

Claudiu Pozna Emil M. PETRIU Radu Emil Precup Ernő Horváth

Publication Name: IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2022-10-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 10

Page Range: 4286-4297

Description:

This article presents a hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm that combines particle filter (PF) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The new PF-PSO algorithm consists of two steps: the first generates randomly the particle population;and the second zooms the search domain. An application of this algorithm to the optimal tuning of proportional-integral-fuzzy controllers for the position control of a family of integral-type servo systems is then presented as a second contribution. The reduction in PF-PSO algorithm's cost function allows for reduced energy consumption of the fuzzy control system. A comparison with other metaheuristic algorithms on canonical test functions and experimental results are presented at the end of this article.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2022.3146986

HUNGARIAN REPORT ON TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL LAW CATEGORIES AND AI

No authors available

Publication Name: Revue Internationale de Droit Penal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 2023

Issue:

Page Range: 253-267

Description:

The study is an edited and completed Hungarian national report prepared for the AIDP 2024 Congress in Syracuse's preparatory colloquium. The logic of the content is consistent with the logic of the questionnaire composed by Prof. Dr. Lorenzo Picotti during the preparatory phase and the content of the original report.1 In addition, it includes a brief description of the main features of Hungarian criminal law and a presentation of the government’s strategy to prepare society for digital challenges, taking into account its impact on generating scientific research.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Structural Integrity Analysis of 3D-Printed PLA- and ABS-Reinforced Concrete Underwater Curing †

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai András Lajos Nagy Hanna Csótár Gusztáv Baranyai Attila Nagy

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The optimization and evaluation of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) and ABS materials present a promising approach for enhancing the reinforcement of concrete elements, thereby advancing sustainable construction technologies. This study examines the degradation of the structural integrity of 3D-printed PLA- and ABS-reinforced concrete after 28 days of underwater curing. The research focuses on macroscopic analysis and microscopic characterization using a digital microscope and a high-resolution camera to investigate the crystalline structures formed during curing. The findings will offer valuable insights into the structural transformations occurring within concrete elements and potential interactions between concrete and PLA structures, paving the way for future civil engineering applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113045