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Found 6273 publications

Preliminary data of life and health insurance in the Roman Law (the collegium funeraticium and the collegium tenuiorum)

Ágnes Váradi

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2007-12-30

Volume: 148

Issue: 52

Page Range: 2477-2481

Description:

With the explosion of insurance contracts in the last two hundred years both in Europe and around the rest of the world, there is a temptation to think that the financing and insuring on projects on limited or non-recourse terms is a relatively novel concept. This is, however, far from being true. Indeed, there is an early evidence of project financing techniques and insurance contracts being actively used during the ancient times. The first examples come from the Roman law but there are similar legal institutions even in the ancient Greek legal system. - The essay analyses the legal history of assurances on lives and health in the Roman law, especially the question of the collegium tenuiorum and the collegium funeraticium. In the centre of the studies are the analyses of their legal personality, the changes in the regulation concerning their foundation, the purpose and the internal organisation. The treatment of the main topics begins with fragments from the material of the Corpus Iuris Civilis by Justinian. After that the views of the most important authors and the contemporary investigations in the Roman law found the statements of the paper. - As a result of these analyses we can see the process of development in the ancient legal systems, especially in the Roman law. And although these results have no immediate influence on the present legal regulation, it can demonstrate original tendencies in the field of insurances. This way we can prove that the Roman law is a still existing basis for the development in contractual law.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/OH.2007.28274

Finite element modelling and indirect tensile strength of SBS and CR modified asphalt mixtures

Richárd Nagy Mohammad Fahad

Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Different modifications in asphalt mixtures can be employed to improve the performance of asphalt pavements in terms of rutting and fatigue damage resistance enhancement. Performance of asphalt mixtures can be further enhanced with the use of different proportions of modifiers added to bitumen, however the optimum proportion of the modifiers added require further experimentation in terms of indirect tensile strength of asphalt mixtures. This research consists of selection of different proportions of Polymer (SBS—Styrene Butadiene Styrene) and CR (Crumb Rubber) modifiers, that have been used in various amounts at 7% CR, 15% CR, 20% CR, 4% SBS, 7% SBS to base bitumen and the performance has been compared with base asphalt mixture. Indirect tensile strength for each mixtures type has been evaluated in the lab with varying rise time. Furthermore, stiffness moduli of each mixture have been evaluated at four different frequency values of 1.2 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 3.5 Hz and 5 Hz at 20 °C. Moreover, tensile strength for each mixture type and its progression with varying loading rates from 10 MPa/s to 70 MPa/s has been evaluated. A 2D finite element software, ABAQUS has been used to perform microstrain analysis for each mixture type. Fatigue and rutting damage models have been used to evaluate performance of each mixture type. Results show superior performance of SBS-7 and CR-20 mixtures in terms of rutting and fatigue damage resistance when compared to base asphalt. SBS-7 and CR-20 show 28% better performance in terms of fatigue damage resistance when compared to base asphalt. SBS-7 outperforms CR-20 in terms of rutting resistance by 22%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-025-06463-x

Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Mechanical and Chemical Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Elizabeth Theron Armand Augustin Fondjo Richard P. Ray

Publication Name: Civil Engineering and Architecture

Publication Date: 2021-08-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 5

Page Range: 1289-1294

Description:

The presence of expansive soils on construction sites is problematic in geotechnical engineering. The swell-shrink behaviour makes these soils not suitable to be used in their natural state. The expansive soil damages cause financial loss yearly more than floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes combined. Moreover, the cost of cut to spoil of expansive soils during construction projects has continued to rise because of the high cost of earthworks, haulage, and the increasing scarcity of spoil areas because of the built environment. Nonetheless, a proper stabilization technique can significantly enhance the expansive soil's properties. The research project attempts to review, report the limits and merits of mechanical and chemical methods utilized to stabilize expansive soils in line with their efficiency, environmental concerns, and cost-effectiveness. A review of mechanical and chemical treatment techniques is conducted in this regard. Ultimately, each stabilization method exhibits its merits and limitations. The lack of standards for the treatment of swelling soils is a significant problem in engineering practice. Specialists in the domain of soil treatment must work together to obtain an optimized stabilization approach and protocol. Moreover, engineers should perform a geoenvironmental assessment appropriate for chemical stabilization methods and additives utilized. This research work contributes as a guideline in the selection and application of chemical and mechanical stabilization methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090503

The generalization of pascal’s triangle from algebraic point of view

No authors available

Publication Name: Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae

Publication Date: 1997-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue:

Page Range: 11-18

Description:

In this paper we generalize Pascal’s Triangle and examine the connections between the generalized triangles and powering integers and polynomials respectively.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Investigating Combustion Process of N-Butanol-Diesel Blends in a Diesel Engine with Variable Compression Ratio

Kristóf Lukács György Szabados Ákos Bereczky

Publication Name: Clean Technologies

Publication Date: 2021-09-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 3

Page Range: 618-628

Description:

The search for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines is ongoing. Among the alternatives, plant-based fuels can also be mentioned. Alcohol is not a common fuel for diesel engines because the physical and chemical properties of the alcohols are closer to those of gasoline. In our research, the combustion properties of diesel-n-butanol mixtures have been investigated to obtain results on the effect of butanol blending on combustion. Among the combustion properties, ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure, and heat release rate can be mentioned. They have been observed under different compression conditions on an engine on which the compression ratio can be adjusted. The method used was a quite simple one, so the speed of the engine was set to a constant 900 rpm without load, while three compression ratios (19.92, 15.27, and 12.53) were adjusted with a fuel flow rate of 13 mL/min and the pre-injection angle of 18◦ BTDC. Blending butanol into the investigated fuel does not significantly affect maximal values of indicated pressure, while much more effect on the pressure rising rate can be detected. Furthermore, heat release rate and ignition delay increased at every compression ratio investigated. Despite the low blending rates of butanol in the mixtures, butanol significantly affects the combustion parameters, especially at high compression ratios.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3030037

ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO DESCRIBE WEAR IN TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENTS: POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS

Gusztáv Fekete

Publication Name: Iet Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 2025

Issue: 17

Page Range: 39-43

Description:

Various types of wear mechanisms (three-body wear, delamination, pitting, abrasion, etc.) can occur between the polymer-metal interface of total knee arthroplasties. In most cases, the mechanism of these types of wear has only been experimentally verified and described. It must be noted that analytical description is not yet available for the majority of wear types. An exception among these types is abrasive wear, for which a number of analytical studies have been developed. This kind of wear can be approximated mathematically by the so-called Archard equation. It should be noted that, due to the complex motion of the knee joint, the original Archard equation must be extended by several parameters in order to adequately describe the wear process. Such parameters are the cross shear ratio, the coefficient of friction or the slide-roll ratio. The present study gives a broad overview of the currently available analytical wear models and also provides further suggestions on how to bring these models closer to reality.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1049/icp.2025.2648

How augmented reality impacts retail marketing: a state-of-the-art review from a consumer perspective

Horst Treiblmaier Abderahman Rejeb Karim Rejeb

Publication Name: Journal of Strategic Marketing

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 31

Issue: 3

Page Range: 718-748

Description:

Augmented reality presents numerous opportunities and challenges for marketers to enrich the retail shopping experience. Although the technology is well established, practical marketing applications are rare, and the existing literature is unstructured. We conduct a systematic literature review with the goal of synthesizing the latest developments in the field and developing research propositions. We analyze 91 papers and identify four major enablers of AR in retail marketing: enhancement of the consumer experience, improvement of the customer-brand relationship, support of marketing activities, and promotion of marketing competitiveness. The challenges of AR adoption in marketing include technical limitations, consumer-oriented challenges, technological immaturity, and organizational challenges.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/0965254X.2021.1972439

HUNGARIAN REPORT ON TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL LAW CATEGORIES AND AI

No authors available

Publication Name: Revue Internationale de Droit Penal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 2023

Issue:

Page Range: 253-267

Description:

The study is an edited and completed Hungarian national report prepared for the AIDP 2024 Congress in Syracuse's preparatory colloquium. The logic of the content is consistent with the logic of the questionnaire composed by Prof. Dr. Lorenzo Picotti during the preparatory phase and the content of the original report.1 In addition, it includes a brief description of the main features of Hungarian criminal law and a presentation of the government’s strategy to prepare society for digital challenges, taking into account its impact on generating scientific research.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Numerical investigation of composite metal foams using substructure techniques

Imre Norbert Orbulov Balázs Pere Márió Kovács

Publication Name: Composite Structures

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 353

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

An accurate description of the mechanical behaviour of inhomogeneous, anisotropic composite materials, such as metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs), is a challenging task. This paper is based on the so-called substructure technique, which has never been used for the mechanical modelling of metal foams or MMSFs. Using this method, a finite element model with low computational requirements but still modelling inhomogeneous properties can be constructed that reproduces the results of laboratory measurements with high accuracy. In all cases, the tests presented in this paper are limited to the linearly elastic phase. As the most common investigation of MMSFs is the compression test, this study considers only this loading case. A more detailed discussion of the stress analysis of MMSFs is given at the end of this work. A potential cause of 45° crack planes during compression tests and the evolution of stresses as a function of space-filling are also investigated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118731