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Exploring parental perspectives of childhood speech and language disorders across 10 countries: A pilot qualitative study

Isabel R. Rodriguez-Ortiz Sam Harding Rena Lyons Maja Kelić Kristine M. Jensen de López Inge S. Klatte Marina O. Tomazin Julie Feilberg Sofia Baena Tina C. Mantel Thora S. Ulfsdottir Rama Novogrodsky Krisztina Zajdó

Publication Name: Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research

Publication Date: 2021-05-01

Volume: 64

Issue: 5

Page Range: 1739-1747

Description:

Purpose: Although researchers have explored parental perspectives of childhood speech and language disorders, most studies have been conducted in English-speaking countries. Little is known about parental experiences across countries, where procedures of language screening and services for language disorders differ. The authors participated in the COST1 Action network IS1406, “Enhancing Children’s Oral Language Skills Across Europe and Beyond,” which provided an opportunity to conduct cross-country qualitative interviews with parents. The aim of this pilot study was to explore ways in which parents construed and described speech and language disorders across countries. Method: Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents from 10 families in 10 different countries. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The overall theme was “acknowledging parental expertise.” The parents described, in detail, ways in which their children’s speech and language (dis)abilities had an impact on the children’s everyday life. Three subthemes were identified: impairment, disability, and changes over time. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, across a range of countries, parents demonstrated contextualized understandings of their children’s speech and language (dis)abilities, along with the everyday functional implications of the disorders. Hence, despite not holding professional knowledge about language disorders, the voices, views, understandings, and personal experiences of parents in relation to their child’s disorder should be listened to when planning therapy services.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00415

(Imperial Legislation and Emperor’s Self-Defense - Codification Efforts and Tendences in European and Hungarian Criminal Law at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries)

Attila Barna

Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 50-58

Description:

The primary protection of the existence of the state, its fundamental institutions, and fundamental values from direct attacks has always been one of the most important tasks of the state. Since these protected institutions and values depend on the historical era and social system, it can be said that the definition of crimes against the state is always determined by the current, valid conception and structure of the state. The strict but often unregulated and outdated requirements for the crimes of treason and insult to the monarch, as well as the broad interpretation and application of procedural rules, which were often interpreted as royal prerogatives, ultimately led to an uncontrollable and arbitrary situation, with extraordinary jurisdictions and harsh punishments for extraordinary crimes. The legislature of the 18th and 19th centuries attempted to create modern rules that incorporated the doctrines of the Enlightenment and natural law, and were expected to precisely regulate political crimes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Experimental Wear Analysis of Nano-Sized Titania Particles as Additives in Automotive Lubricants

D. Tóth I. Szabó Hebah Abdallah H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Micro

Publication Date: 2023-09-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 3

Page Range: 715-727

Description:

This study focuses on the wear effects of nano-sized titania as a potential engine lubricant additive. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have promising wear-reducing properties and significant tribological potential. In this article, titania nanoparticles were homogenized in Group III automotive oil at five different concentrations (0.1; 0.2 … 0.5 wt%). The nanodoped oil samples were tested on a linear oscillating tribometer with oil circulation. Based on the tribological results, titania nanoparticles increased friction by 20–32% but can reduce the wear area by up to 32%. According to the confocal microscopic examination, wear volume can be reduced by up to 57% with titania nanoparticles. Titania nanoparticles improved the repeatability of tribological measurements. A scanning electron microscopy examination of the wear track revealed that the characteristic wear of the tribological system was abrasive, but a significant amount of adhesive wear was also observed. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis found that the nanoparticles fill the deeper trenches of the wear. The worn surface uniformly contains TiO2 particles and the quantified normalized titanium concentration was between 0.56 and 0.62%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/micro3030050

A Linear Driver Model of Local Path Planning for Lane Driving

Ernö Horváth Gergo Igneczi Krisztian Nyilas

Publication Name: Sisy 2023 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 103-108

Description:

Modern lane centering assistance systems often use the mid-lane as a reference line for tracking. However, human drivers prefer to keep an offset to the mid-lane. Therefore, we have proposed in our previous work a driver model which calculates human-like offset values and enable the path planner to plan human-like paths. The driving data of 15 drivers have been analyzed. It has been revealed that drivers behave differently in left or right curves and choose to drive on either the left or the right side in straight road sections. Therefore, we extend our model to handle these traits. We have shown that the extended model outperforms the previous symmetric model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SISY60376.2023.10417953

Fuzzy approach to utility of time factor

János Botzheim Peter Foldesi Edit Süle

Publication Name: Isciii 09 4th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2009-12-28

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 23-29

Description:

The paper deals with the investigation of the critical factor of the supply chain concerning time factor. The literature review can give a background to understand and handle the reasons and consequences of the growing importance of time. By using utility functions to represent the value of various delivery-times for the different participants in the supply chain, including the final customers, it proves through the Kano-model, that the choices, behaviour and willingness of payment of time-sensitive and non time-sensitive consumers are different for varying lead times, so for optimization soft computing techniques must be applied. As the functions are not linear and significant uncertainty must be handled as well, the use of fuzzy numbers is necessary. The features of fuzzy power functions are investigated, and a parametric approaches is presented that can be an efficient approximation of the values calculated on the basis of extension principle. © 2009 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ISCIII.2009.5342282

Localization robustness improvement for an autonomous race car using multiple extended Kalman filters

Krisztian Enisz Ernö Horváth Istvan Szalay

Publication Name: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-08-01

Volume: 239

Issue: 9

Page Range: 3771-3783

Description:

In this paper, we introduce a vehicle localization method designed for the SZEnergy race car, which competes in the Shell Eco-marathon. The proposed method comprises four different extended Kalman filter-based localization algorithms and a selection algorithm that determines the most suitable one based on vehicle speed, GNSS availability, and signal quality. The low-speed Kalman filters are based on a kinematic vehicle model while the high-speed variants are based on a dynamic vehicle model. Several measurements were performed during test maneuvers to evaluate the performance of the filters. The proposed method succesfully handles sensor miscalibration and GNSS outages.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1177/09544070241266281

Investigation of the performance of direct forecasting strategy using machine learning in State-of-Charge prediction of Li-ion batteries exposed to dynamic loads

Adrienn Dineva Bence Csomós Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Istvan Vajda

Publication Name: Journal of Energy Storage

Publication Date: 2021-04-01

Volume: 36

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

On account of intense technological advances regarding Electric Vehicles, the state evaluation and prediction issues of Li-ion cells have become increasingly important for ensuring the competitiveness in terms of feasible performance and range. Albeit the wide investigation of various standard modelling and estimation techniques, only limited researches focus on their precision and applicability under heavy transient working conditions. This paper is concerned with Li-ion battery terminal voltage and State-of-Charge (SoC) prediction for two types of dynamic loads. Attention is focused on the investigation of the applicability of direct multi-step forecasting strategy in combination with Machine Learning. Beside that, a feature bank is composed of discharge profiles obtained at different C-rates. The set of discharge curves is proposed to complement the feature extraction, i.e. the additional historical data is considered for model building. Special care is devoted for the design of appropriate training data. Hence, a battery cell model is built for simulating intensive dynamic load scenarios in addition to the experimental setup. The cell model is validated by using measurement data. Results have demonstrated, that in case of WLTP-type discharge load of 0.3C-rate the forecasting performance is highly efficient on measurement data. Under dynamic loads of 1C-rate, or when small historical data is available, the application of feature bank improves the performance. We have obtained comprehensive results proving that the application of direct multi-step forecasting strategy using XGBoost represents a viable alternative to capture real-time the cell dynamics and predict the terminal voltage and SoC of Li-ion batteries exposed to dynamic loads.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.102351

Inductive vs. Deductive Learning in Calculus: Unraveling the Impact on Integral Understanding

Nárcisz Kulcsár

Publication Name: Sefi 2025 53rd Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education Engineering and Society Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 579-587

Description:

Our experience of learning mathematics in schools is often based on learning and applying formulas. This suggests that teaching follows a predominantly deductive approach in which students use predetermined rules and theorems to solve problems. This is the dominant method worldwide, but the question arises: is it possible to teach mathematics in other ways, for example by an inductive approach, which first introduces students to general relationships by starting with concrete examples? The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of both inductive and deductive learning methods in engineering mathematics education. The experimental group learned the basics of integration through group work using either an inductive or a deductive approach. Their acquired knowledge was assessed through a test, which was repeated one week later. Following the learning process, they also completed a questionnaire in which they described their learning experience, strengths, and challenges. The results indicate that both methods have advantages and challenges with no significant difference in overall effectiveness based on test scores. Students generally reported positive experiences, but some suggested improvements such as restructuring group sizes, providing a mix of both methods, and increasing opportunities for cross-group discussions. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating elements of both learning approaches could offer a more balanced approach, catering to different learning styles while maintaining engagement and conceptual clarity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17632066

Review of geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments-parametric study and design methods

Rashad Alsirawan

Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis

Publication Date: 2021-02-24

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Page Range: 36-59

Description:

Embankment construction on soft soil may result in excessive settlement, loss of bearing capacity, or sliding instability. However, geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments offer an effective technique to overcome the problems resulting from soft foundations soils. This paper presents a review of the most important parameters affecting the behaviour of GRPS embankments as well as design methods that estimate tensile forces in the geosynthetic layers and load efficiency. Results highlight the importance of using GRPS embankments, but also reveal the inconsistencies between design methods. Finally, general conclusions about the design and construction of GRPS systems are presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14513/actatechjaur.00566