Search in Publications
Found 6273 publications
Blue sky through intellectual property protection: quasi-experimental evidence from China’s Intellectual Property City Program
Publication Name: Environment Development and Sustainability
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Page Range: 12459-12504
Description:
A well-developed intellectual property system is an important backbone for green innovation and technology, which are widely regarded as crucial tools to combat haze pollution and achieve blue sky. Despite China’s aggressive launch of the Intellectual Property City Program (IPCP) since 2012 to improve its intellectual property system, there is little evidence on whether and how IPCP affects haze pollution. Compiling a panel dataset of Chinese cities, we employ a difference-in-differences estimator to identify the causal impact of IPCP on haze pollution. We find that IPCP can effectively reduce haze pollution in IPCP cities compared to non-IPCP cities after the IPCP launch. Our instrumented results using ancient academies further support the haze-abatement effect of IPCP. Mechanism tests reveal that this reduction is driven by green innovation effect and resource allocation effect. The effect is pronounced in eastern cities and cities with high degrees of green innovation, marketization and environmental regulation intensity. Our findings provide support for the critical role of powerful IP protection in haze pollution control.
Open Access: Yes
Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Estimated Breeding Values for Feet in Holstein-Friesian Cows in Hungary
Publication Name: Animals
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in the cattle genome associated with estimated breeding values of feet (EBVfeet ) in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Hungary. Foot health is of major importance in dairy cattle industry whereas claw disorders are leading to lameness and thus result in low fertility rates and productivity. Genotyping was performed using the EuroG_MDv4 microarray platform. The final database comprised 2963 animals and 59,151 SNPs. EBVfeet values have been divided into high and low groups. All calculations regarding the genetic differentiation (genome-wide and locus-specific) between high- and low-value groups for EBVfeet , linear regression, and haplotype association tests have been performed with the SNP and Variation Suite software. Thirty-nine SNPs associated with EBVfeet were determined on BTAs 3, 7, 8, 15, 21, and X. The maximum values of the identified SNPs were 0.22 for Fst_marker , 23.1 for the −log10(p) of the linear regression, and 26.3 for the −log10(p) of the haplotype association tests on BTA 3. The closest genes to SNPs associated with estimated breeding values for feet (EBVfeet ) are mainly associated with tissue structure, immune response, metabolism, growth, development, transport and signaling. Our results could add additional information to the genetic programs focusing on the improvement of foot health in HF cattle.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/ani16091299
Visual assessment of performance-related stimulus expectancy and its implications for placebo response dilution
Publication Name: Acta Psychologica
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 265
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Expectancy effects are crucial determinants of placebo responses; however, neglecting differences in agent-specific beliefs may lead to an underestimation of response effects. This study had two main goals: (1) to theoretically explore how individual differences in expectations about agents influence response outcomes, and (2) to create a visual tool for assessing stimulus-specific expectancies. The sample included 435 adults (58.5% female) who answered demographic questions and completed six image-based items (red pill, white powder, green drink, chocolate bar, injection syringe, and electrical stimulation device), each designed to assess beliefs about the potential of these agents to boost performance. Expectancy assessments focused on anticipated physical and mental performance effects rather than on clinical or therapeutic outcomes. Logistic modeling illustrated that combining high- and low-expectancy individuals can attenuate apparent group-level expectancy effects, highlighting a potential measurement and inference concern in placebo research. Participants who were non-superstitious and non-religious reported significantly lower stimulus expectancy than others. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the unidimensional structure of the Stimulus Expectancy Assessment Tool (SEAT), showing excellent fit (CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.086, SRMR = 0.032) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84). The latent factor accounted for an average of 48% of the variance in expectations, ranging from 21% to 66% across the six indicators. These results suggest that placebo effects may be underestimated when variability in expectancy is ignored. The SEAT offers a flexible, image-based method for identifying stimulus-specific expectancy profiles.
Open Access: Yes
Aerobic Capacity, Body Composition, and Ventilatory Thresholds in Youth Endurance Athletes: Physiological Characteristics of Hungarian Junior Triathletes
Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Limited data are available regarding the physiological profile of youth triathletes. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological and body composition profile of Hungarian youth triathletes and to examine the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and aerobic performance indicators. Forty-one youth triathletes (20 females and 21 males; age: 15.8 ± 1.7 years), members of the Hungarian national development squad, participated in the study. Anthropometric and body composition parameters were assessed using standardized procedures and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Aerobic performance was evaluated using a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill with breath-by-breath gas analysis. Male athletes demonstrated higher body height, body mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass compared with females (p < 0.05). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed high aerobic capacity, with mean VO2 max values of 73.2 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 in males and 63.1 ± 5.0 mL·kg−1·min−1 in females. The second ventilatory threshold occurred at approximately 82–86% of VO2 max. Strong positive correlations were observed between anthropometric parameters and absolute oxygen uptake (mL·min−1), particularly for fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and body surface area (r = 0.83–0.95). However, these relationships are influenced by body size and were weaker or inverse when relative oxygen uptake (mL·kg−1·min−1) was considered. Regression analyses further indicated that body composition variables, especially fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass, were positively associated with aerobic performance, while body fat percentage was not a significant predictor when body size and sex were controlled. These findings are based on cross-sectional associations and should be interpreted as descriptive reference data for this population rather than predictive criteria. The results contribute to the characterization of physiological and anthropometric profiles in youth triathletes and may support future research and athlete monitoring.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/app16094449
Addressing the Impact of Resolution Scaling on YOLO Performance for Brain Tumor Detection Through Optimized Network Depth/Width Adjustments
Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Deep learning-based object detectors, particularly You Only Look Once (YOLO) architectures, have demonstrated strong performance in automated brain tumor detection. However, the impact of resolution scaling on tumor localization accuracy remains underexplored, especially under conditions where image resolution is reduced. This study aims to investigate how lowering the input resolution from 640 × 640 to 480 × 480 affects detection performance and whether optimized depth/width scaling and hyperparameter tuning can compensate for the expected loss of spatial detail. In this work, we propose an optimized YOLO-based framework for brain tumor detection and localization in MRI scans, building upon the method “Addressing the Impact of Resolution Scaling on YOLO Performance for Brain Tumor Detection through Optimized Network Depth/Width Adjustments.” Our model, an enhanced variant of the BGF-YOLO architecture, is specifically tailored for the challenges of medical imaging. The proposed network features both architectural and training-level optimizations. We used a publicly available dataset from Kaggle that consists of 500 training images, 201 validation images, and 100 test images. Experimental analysis demonstrates that while reducing input resolution alone degrades performance, integrating targeted modifications specifically increases network depth and width. In addition, advanced training strategies such as MixUp augmentation, dropout regularization, AdamW optimization, cosine learning rate scheduling, and finely tuned learning rate ranges lead to substantial performance gains. The optimized model achieves a precision of up to 0.858, a recall of 0.943, mAP50 of 0.946, and mAP50–95 of 0.672. These results not only outperform the reduced-resolution baseline but also approach, and in some cases surpass, the original high-resolution BGF-YOLO setup.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/app16094320
Shear resistance of continuous steel beams with thin webs
Publication Name: Thin Walled Structures
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 224
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The shear buckling and post-buckling behaviour of welded plated I girders with slender webs plays a critical role in the safety and economy of steel bridge and building structures. However, experimental data and validated numerical models for multi-span girders with slender webs remain limited, and the accuracy of current design provisions is not yet fully established. This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on ten two-span welded plated I girders with transversely stiffened webs. By placing transverse stiffeners on both sides, the web panels were divided into four or eight rectangular segments with an aspect ratio of a/h=2.5. The web slenderness ratios h/t ranged from 175 to 350, while the flange slenderness ratios b/t varied between 8 and 40. The specimens exhibited shear failure governed by tension-field action near the internal support or flange buckling in the middle of the span. To further examine the shear buckling behaviour, geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses with imperfections were performed using advanced full-shell finite element models. The validated numerical models were then employed in a comprehensive parametric study covering a wide range of geometric configurations. The numerical results were used to assess the accuracy of the shear strength formula specified in EN 1993-1-5:2024 and AISC 360-22. Based on the results of the numerical simulations new formulas are proposed for the contribution of the web and flanges to determine the shear strength of plated I girders.
Open Access: Yes
Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Trajectory Analysis in a Virtual Reality Welding Simulator
Publication Name: Mathematics
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study presents a mathematical and kinematic modeling framework for analyzing trajectory behavior in a virtual reality (VR) welding simulator. Twenty novice participants performed repeated welding trials across three sessions, with torch trajectories recorded at 50 Hz in the task space. The proposed framework combines trial-level performance descriptors with derivative-based dynamic features, including spectral arc length (SPARC), log-normalized jerk (LNJ), and the number of velocity peaks (NVP), to characterize movement smoothness, intermittency, and longitudinal trajectory organization in a computer-simulated manual welding task. The results showed that spatial welding error decreased most clearly during the earliest stage of practice, with mean absolute lateral error declining from approximately 2.8 mm in the first trial to approximately 1.7 mm by the third trial. This early improvement was then broadly preserved across subsequent sessions. In contrast, smoothness- and fragmentation-related metrics exhibited more variable temporal patterns, indicating that improvements in task-space accuracy were not necessarily accompanied by uniform reorganization of movement dynamics. Associations between spatial error and kinematic features remained limited, suggesting that geometric task accuracy and dynamic trajectory organization represent complementary aspects of simulated manual performance. Overall, the findings show that high-frequency trajectory analysis in VR provides a useful basis for the mathematical modeling of dynamic behavior in simulated welding systems and supports the use of computer simulation for process-level investigation of manual task execution.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/math14091506
The historical development of Hungarian school health services, the cooperation of school doctors and health visitors, and today’s challenges
Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 167
Issue: 19
Page Range: 753-764
Description:
Introduction: Despite the fact that Hungarian school healthcare has a history dating back 140 years, no comprehensive study has yet been conducted to analyze the historical development and impact of system, particularly the institutionalization of the role of health visitors in educational institutions and the development of cooperation between school doctors and health visitors. Objective: 1) To explore the historical development of school health services and the takes of school doctors, 2) to analyze the involvement and role of public health visitors in school healthcare, 3) to examine the role of cooperating professionals (doctors, public health visitors, and other professionals present today), 4) to explore the challenges that determine current operations. Method: We studied the relevant legislation, professional regulations, and literature through research, and carried out systematic and analytical work. Results: The role of school doctors shifted from monitoring and epidemic control to preventive care and health promotion tasks. The development of school healthcare is linked to the name of József Fodor, who laid the foundations for the regular health monitoring of school-age children by introducing a public health approach. Health visitors gradually became involved in healthcare within the legal framework, and their role became increasingly important in the areas of prevention, care, and health education. Discussion: Health visitors initially appeared as professionals supporting the work of doctors. Today, this cooperation extends to all areas of health visitors’ professional activities and plays a fundamental role in the effective functioning of school healthcare. Conclusion: The cooperation between school doctors and public health visitors is one of the cornerstones of Hungarian school healthcare and plays a key role in maintaining children’s health, prevention, and health promotion. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(19): 753–764.
Open Access: Yes
Biorefining green triticale grass as a flavonoid-rich source of protein for sustainable food systems
Publication Name: Food Bioscience
Publication Date: 2026-05-01
Volume: 79
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Green biomass serves as an eco-friendly, plant-derived substitute for conventional protein sources. Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) not only acts as a viable alternative to animal-derived proteins but also contains essential vitamins and bioactive compounds providing nutraceutical advantages. The extraction technique plays a critical role in maximizing LPC yield. In this study, green juice derived from the wet pressing of green triticale biomass was divided into two aliquots, each subjected to distinct processing techniques for LPC isolation. One portion underwent direct thermal coagulation via microwave irradiation, followed by vacuum filtration, yielding green LPC (MW-GLPC) and its brown juice (GJ-BJ). The other was first centrifuged to remove large photosynthetic complexes, producing yellow juice that was subsequently thermally coagulated and vacuum filtered to obtain yellow LPC (YLPC) and its brown juice (YJ-BJ).The crude protein content in the MW-GLPC fraction (38.44 g 100 g−1 DW) was higher than the raw green juice (16.38 g 100 g−1 DW). YLPC fraction, obtained by incorporating a centrifugation step into the process, resulted in a significantly increase in crude protein (67.22 g 100 g−1 DW). For fractions of brown juice (BJ), the crude protein content differed depending on the processing technique, with GJ-BJ exhibiting 0.73 g 100 g−1 FW and YJ-BJ displaying 1.06 g 100 g−1 FW. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated that BJ primarily contained oligopeptides ranging from 200 to 3000 Da.Phytochemical assessments demonstrated that YLPC exhibits the highest concentration of some beneficial bioactive compounds, such as luteolin (27.2 μg g−1), and isovitexin (111.6 μg g−1). These findings are consistent with results obtained from the Drosophila melanogaster model under high-sugar conditions designed to simulate high-sugar-induced stress. Flies supplemented with a concentration of 20% YLPC demonstrated a 10.52% increase in viability relative to the control group, thereby indicating the beneficial potential of YLPC in high-sugar containing environments.
Open Access: Yes
