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Pathological changes caused by myxomatosis in brown hares (Lepus europaeus)

Zoltán Vincze János Gál Tamás Tóth Miklós Marosán

Publication Name: Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 147

Issue: 12

Page Range: 727-737

Description:

Background: Myxomatosis appeared in wild brown hares a few years ago and was confirmed in Hungary this autumn. The disease can be caused by the classic myxomatosis virus (MYXV) that infects domestic rabbits and by recombinant (ha-MYXV) strains in brown hares, in which acute lesions localized on the skin of the head and genitals can be observed. Material and methods: In October this year, we dissected a total of 15 wild hares from several areas in Western Hungary and performed histopathological examinations of the affected organs. In our work, we compared the pathological abnormalities observed in wild and domestic rabbits with previously published data. Results and discussion: In our work, we dissected 15 hares (8 adults and 1 juvenile, a total of 9 bucks, and 5 adults and 1 juvenile, a total of 6 females). Edema of the eyelids, lesions on the mucous membrane of the eyelids, and inflammatory edema of the genitals were detected in all individuals. In 13.33% of the hare bucks, we also found subcutaneous edema accompanied by diffuse swelling of the skin of the head, which is not well known in Oryctolagus sp. However, ear lesions, which are common in domestic and wild rabbits, were significantly less frequent in brown hares (33.33%). The histopathological lesions described in cases of myxomatosis of domestic rabbits were 100% consistent with those found in wild brown hares.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.56385/magyallorv.2025.12.727-737

The Road Pavement Structure as a Forgotten Element of the Transport Infrastructure System

Szabolcs Fischer Csaba Tóth

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 248-262

Description:

Despite rapid advancements in vehicle and human integration within road transport systems, the role of road pavement structures has been largely overlooked. This paper is motivated by the critical need to address this gap, particularly in light of the growing challenges posed by global climate change. The road transport system, as an integrated “human-vehicle-road” unit placed within the environment, has undergone significant changes to this day. However, this rapid development has been predominantly confined to two elements of the system: humans and vehicles. Vehicles and their drivers are receiving increasingly specific and targeted information about traffic processes, and the role of humans in processing this information is progressively being assumed by vehicle intelligence. As a result, humans and vehicles, as system components, are becoming increasingly integrated. As an innovation in infrastructure, the road pavement structure has largely been unaffected by current developments in material technology and vehicle advancements, with no significant breakthroughs beyond typical alternatives to asphalt or concrete pavements. This article explores whether the presumed future impact of global climate instability might reshape the developmental trajectories of certain elements of the road transport system and whether the need to address weather extremes could bring research related to the resilience and climate adaptation potential of road pavement structures to the forefront, potentially at the expense of the vehicle and driver, the other two system elements.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_23

Validation of a Fuzzy Wind Resistance Risk Index for UAV Energy Consumption Using Telemetry Data †

László Kajdocsi Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Unmanned aerial vehicles have become essential tools in a wide range of applications. As drone operations grow more complex, the accurate prediction of battery runtime and aerodynamic flight safety risks, particularly those caused by wind, becomes increasingly important. This study employs the Wind Resistance Risk Index (WRRI), to quantify the impact of wind conditions on UAV performance. While several predictive models have been introduced to address these issues, many have not been thoroughly validated under real operational conditions. This study focuses on the post-validation of a previously developed fuzzy-based predictive model, using telemetry data collected from four UAV missions. Key flights and battery parameters were analyzed. The results demonstrate that real-world flight data provide valuable insight into model reliability and highlight discrepancies that can guide future model refinement. This work contributes to enhancing UAV safety by bridging the gap between theoretical predictions and empirical evaluations, specifically under varying wind conditions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113028

Case Study on Kitchen Waste Collection Materials: Comparing the Effects of Biobased Bags on Anaerobic Digestion

Károly Kalauz Katalin Bélafi-Bakó Tamás Rózsenberszki Janka Bobek-Nagy Csilla Őze Veronika Kalauz-Simon Janka Bobek-Nagy Veronika Kalauz-Simon Katalin Kovács Nándor Nemestóthy Péter Komáromy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 121

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 109-114

Description:

Separate collection of household bio-waste became mandatory across the European Union in 2024, increasing the use of biodegradable paper and plastic liners for kitchen waste. While these materials improve source-separation and hygiene, their behavior during Anaerobic Digestion (AD) remains insufficiently understood and may affect plant performance and digestate quality. This study evaluated five commercially available collection bags – three paper-based and two biodegradable plastic types – under mesophilic batch AD conditions. Paper bags increased methane and biogas yields by approximately 5–20 %, while biodegradable plastics resulted in similar or slightly reduced yields compared to controls. Neither material showed substantial structural degradation, but paper provided additional substrate and surface area, supporting modest efficiency gains. In contrast, persistent plastic fragments in the digestate may limit its agricultural use under strict EU fertilizer regulations, leading to higher post-treatment costs. These findings highlight that paper liners are more compatible with AD-based waste management systems, informing municipalities, policymakers, and operators in selecting collection tools that optimize resource recovery and regulatory compliance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET25121019

Evaluating the effectiveness of public finance used for social protection of internally displaced persons

Yuriy Bilan Halyna Mishchuk Natalia Samoliuk Halyna Yurchyk

Publication Name: Public and Municipal Finance

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Page Range: 23-40

Description:

The increasing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in wartime Ukraine leads to growing problems in social protection funding. Under these circumstances, the evaluation of the effectiveness of public finance use is of increasing importance. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of public finance for internally displaced persons’ social protection, adapting the KPI methodology for analysis on the national level. The effectiveness is considered following the OECD approach as the extent to which the intervention achieved its objectives and results. At macrolevel of research, the integral indicator was developed based on indicators of input (financing of social protection programs), output (involvement of IDPs in social programs), activity (funding per recipient and multiplicative effect in GDP growth), mechanism (administrative costs for achieving results), and control (effectiveness of IDPs’ social protection compared to other demographic groups). Thirty indicators in total were used (e.g., budgetary funding allocated for housing assistance; budget expenditures on staff salaries of the authorities responsible for certain programs; coverage rate of unemployed IDPs receiving vocational training). The essential distance from the maximum level of expected results (1.0) allows concluding the low effectiveness in this area of public finance use: from 0.330 in 2020 to 0.668 in 2023. Gaps are evident in each direction, especially in input performance (the highest value did not exceed 0.370). The best results were achieved in housing funding and employment governance. The proposed approach is useful for analyzing gaps and identifying opportunities to improve the management of other social programs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21511/pmf.14(1).2025.03

Sensitivity Parameters of Transport Networks and Vulnerability Assessment of Critical Network Elements

Balázs Horváth Anett Gosztola

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 3

Page Range: 292-300

Description:

Network sensitivity has recently become an important topic, with an increasing number of articles appearing on the subject. Identification of critical sections within transport networks is also essential for transport modelling. A well-developed methodology can help to improve the network to minimize the impact on road users in the event of future emergency cases (accidents or attacks). For this purpose, existing articles were assessed to determine what progress has been made in network sensitivity and what parameters and approaches have been used so far. After reviewing the articles, it became clear that a significant number of methods have been used to identify critical sections, and it became visible which areas are worth further work. Among the methodologies used, simplified networks have been the main focus, but there is a need for a more detailed analysis based on industry demand and available data.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.39859

Effect of ethical leadership on emotional labor: evidence from Nigerian fast-food restaurant sector

Adel Ahmed Esther Ugo Alum Mohammad Fakhrul Islam Friday Ogbu Edeh Muhamad Mustafa Mundu

Publication Name: Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue: 4

Page Range: 721-741

Description:

The enthronement of ethical leadership typology to enhance employee positive work behavior in the fast-food restaurant sector has generated serious debate amongst scholars and practitioners. To provide answers to the above, this research adopted a cross-sectional survey design with a population of one hundred and ninety-eight participants drawn from twenty selected fast-food restaurants sector, in south-eastern Nigeria. Social learning theory and social exchange theory were employed as the underpinning theories of the study. The study’s results demonstrated that ethical leadership dimensionalities predicted the measures of emotional labor. The research concludes that ethical leadership enhances employees’ positive emotional work behavior in the fast-food restaurant sector. One of the practical implications of this study is the prioritization of ethical leadership as an instrument to boost performance in the workplace through emotional labor by HR managers and the owners of fast-food businesses.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/15332845.2025.2531598

Two problems with the use of the cost-push input−output price model

Koppány Krisztián

Publication Name: Economic Systems Research

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper identifies two problems related to the use of the cost-push input–output (IO) price model that have not been previously discussed in the literature. These problems and their proposed solutions are presented with numerical examples and illustrative applications. The first issue relates to the variation of export exchange rates, which cannot be modelled within the framework, yet affects the output-price index. Without addressing this problem separately, the model yields an incorrect result. The second issue concerns the available data compatible with IO tables and IO price analyses, specifically the output price deflators or implicit price indices. Being of the Paasche-type, these indices are better suited for retrospective studies than for forecasting. This paper proposes a basic decomposition framework for analysing output price inflation both before (ex-ante) and after (ex-post) it occurs. For the ex-post analysis, a simplified empirical application for Hungary illustrates the practical potential of the model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2025.2539721

Bringing Vicia villosa, V. pannonica, V. sativa, Trifolium incarnatum and T. alexandrinum into cultivation in Hungary: a historical review

G. Pinke Attila Németh M. Lócsi

Publication Name: Botanikai Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 112

Issue: 1

Page Range: 61-86

Description:

We review the history of arable naturalization and initial cropping of five legume species in Hungary in the period between the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Nowadays, these species have an increasing importance as green manure and seed production. The cultivation of Vicia villosa Roth, an old established plant in the Carpathian Basin of Near Eastern origin, was started for green forage, mainly owing to encouraging experiences in Germany. It produced good yields even among unfavourable weather and edaphic conditions. Although Vicia pannonica Crantz is likely native to Hungary, it was brought into cultivation due to reports of satisfactory farming experiences from the USA. It had a good seed production capacity and also provided tasty forage in Hungary as well. Vicia sativa L. was probably cultivated already in the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages in the Carpathian Basin. Later, in the transitional period between the three-field system and crop rotation, its foreign cultivars were re-naturalised and sowed into the fallow as a forage crop. Trifolium incarnatum L., a plant of Mediterranean origin, was first cultivated in Hungary as a stubble–sowed crop, or for clover replacement, but later it became a relevant seed–export item. The seeds of Trifolium alexandrinum L. for its first Hungarian field experiments probably came directly from Africa. Mostly, it was cropped as a secondary sowed forage in irrigated fields and as a shift crop in rice growing areas.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17716/BotKozlem.2025.112.1.61