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Found 5152 publications
The Ecological Footprint and Fire Resistance of Concrete Mixtures
Publication Name: Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page Range: 1-13
Description:
Different types of binders can significantly affect the strength properties of concrete. The use of cement-containing admixtures is becoming more widespread in the building industry when considering durability and environmental impact. This paper examines how different types of cement containing different admixtures behave. How the compressive strength of concrete changes under elevated temperature, and which concrete mixture has the lowest CO2 emission. To determine the strength parameters, test specimens of 150x150x150 mm and 70x70x250 mm were prepared from the concrete mixtures. After heating and cooling, they were broken, thereby determining the compressive and flexural-tensile strength values. The ecological footprint was calculated for each mixture, which is substantially influenced by specific parameters for example the type and amount of substitute materials. These materials typically have lower CO2 emissions than Portland cement. The novelty of this research lies in the combined investigation of the changing compressive strength of concrete at elevated temperatures and its sustainability. The change in the formulation resulted in a saving of the emission of ~10% (43.22 kgCO2e emissions) compared to the reference value. The importance of reducing the ecological footprint is demonstrated by the authors using a case study of the Gotthard tunnel.
Open Access: Yes
Innovative computer vision methods for tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon) detection and cultivation: a review
Publication Name: Discover Applied Sciences
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
In recent years, machine vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence have garnered significant research interest in precision agriculture. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in machine vision application in tomato cultivation. This study explores integrating cognitive technologies in agriculture, particularly in tomato production. The review covers various studies on tomatoes and machine vision that support tomato harvesting, such as classification, fruit counting, and yield estimation. It addresses plant health monitoring approaches, including detecting weeds, pests, leaf diseases, and fruit disorders. The paper also examines the latest research efforts in vehicle navigation systems and tomato-harvesting robots. The primary objective of this article was to present a thorough analysis of the image processing algorithms utilized in research over the past two years, along with their outcomes.
Open Access: Yes
Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Examining the Relationship between Food Waste Generation and Socio-economic Factors
Publication Name: Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Page Range: 1-16
Description:
Food waste contributes to social inequalities and sustainability issues by worsening resource overuse and environmental harm. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 highlights the importance of reducing food waste to address hunger and promote a sustainable, economically viable global food system. This paper examines the geographic differences in food waste levels among European Union member nations and analyses the associations between food waste and diverse environmental, geographic, social and economic indicators, including Sustainable Development Goals and other sustainability metrics. Using dimensionality reduction methods, nontrivial multivariate connections between food waste and these parameters were identified, allowing for the characterisation of countries based on a few significant factors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), applied to food waste data across European Union countries, uncovered three distinct groups: (1) those with elevated food waste in primary production, manufacturing and distribution stages; (2) those with lower waste in these domains yet elevated waste in restaurants and households; and (3) those with all of their food waste components smaller than or equal to the average. The multivariate linear correlation between the PCA factors and socio-economic parameters is nonsignificant, but a few (nonlinear) regularities could be identified: five of the six countries of the first group above are characterised by the population settled mainly on flatland and an above-average supply of meat or fish. Another pattern observed is that former Eastern Bloc countries belong to the third group. The research findings offer valuable insights that can inform the efforts of environmental experts, professionals and policymakers working in the circular economy and waste management domains. This knowledge can facilitate the development of more effective strategies aimed at mitigating food waste and promoting sustainability.
Open Access: Yes
The Relationship Between EMF Exposure and MIMO Systems, and the Exposure Advantages of Lowband Massive MIMO System
Publication Name: Telecom
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
With the advancement of mobile communications, technologies based on high-element-count antenna systems—such as massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (massive MIMO)—are playing an increasingly important role in enhancing network capacity. However, they introduce new challenges in the measurement and evaluation of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This study presents a detailed, laboratory-based methodology for assessing EMF exposure in cellular systems using Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO technologies. To address the limitations of traditional exposure assessment techniques—particularly under the conditions introduced by 5G and active antenna systems—a shielded test environment with directional antennas was developed and applied across lowband and midband frequency ranges (700–2100 MHz). Downlink electromagnetic power density was measured under standardized modulation, coding, and bandwidth settings for both SISO and MIMO configurations. The results show that MIMO technology does not lead to a significant increase in EMF exposure compared to SISO, with average differences remaining below 1 dB. Moreover, in lower-frequency bands, massive MIMO systems can ensure the required user capacity at significantly lower transmission power, resulting in more than 15 dB reductions in EMF exposure. These findings confirm the potential of massive MIMO to enhance network performance while reducing the level of electromagnetic exposure.
Open Access: Yes
One-year update on physical activity and smartphone addiction in university students: A systematic review of novel research
Publication Name: Preventive Medicine Reports
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 57
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Objectives: Smartphone addiction is a growing health concern, especially among university students. This updated review expands our 2024 review by synthesizing recent empirical findings on the relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction among university students. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search was conducted in PubMed, SSRN, Oxford Research Archive, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. The quality of studies was evaluated with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Sixteen studies published between January 1, 2024, and March 31, 2025, met the inclusion criteria: 14 cross-sectional, one randomized controlled trial, and one longitudinal. All emerged from Asia. Most found an inverse relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction. Experimental and longitudinal studies indicated that structured physical activity could reduce smartphone addiction symptoms over time. However, the predominantly correlational designs warrant cautious interpretation. Still, the directionally consistent average effect size was moderate to large (Cohen's d = ≈ −0.62), highlighting physical activity's protective role. Conclusions: Regular physical activity may prevent or reduce smartphone addiction in university students. However, future studies should employ longitudinal designs, use objective measures, and incorporate qualitative validation. This review reinforces our earlier findings and supports the considerable inverse relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction.
Open Access: Yes
The Impact of a Science Center Student Lab Project on Subject Attitudes Toward STEM Subjects and Career Choices in STEM Fields
Publication Name: Education Sciences
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This research examines the impact of the project ‘Development of Science Experiential Education Programs and Science Experiential Centres’, implemented by the Mobilis Science Center in Győr between 2017 and 2021. The professional and societal relevance of the program and research lies in the growing importance of STEM disciplines and careers worldwide in recent decades, ensuring a long-term supply of skilled workers. A vital tool for this is the development of curricula that meet the needs of the 21st century, as well as the innovation of teaching methods in science subjects. The research involves a review of the literature on experiential science teaching and subject attitudes, the role of science centers, and relevant project documents. The present research, involving 592 students, focused on attitudes toward technology and science, openness to STEM careers, and the experiences and memories of participants in the student lab theme days. The results of the statistical data analyses confirm the effectiveness of the experiential education methods used in the theme day sessions, as the students’ openness to STEM careers is higher for those who participated in the sessions compared to the non-participants. There are significant differences in the attitudes of girls and boys participating in the program toward science subjects. The results suggest that the success in stimulating interest in science was mainly due to the experiential nature of the sessions. Moreover, the research found that the project led to the strengthening of the participants’ personal and social skills. This study is the first to look at the impact of the project. The results shed light on how teaching STEM subjects using experiential pedagogical methods can contribute to the long-term effectiveness of Széchenyi István University’s enrollment efforts and lead to the economic success of companies in a region facing a significant labor shortage in STEM careers.
Open Access: Yes
Optimizing the Artificial Aging Process of Lubricating Oils Contaminated by Alternative Fuel Using Design of Experiments Methodology
Publication Name: Lubricants
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study aimed to develop an experimental method for producing artificially aged oil with properties—such as coefficient of friction, average wear scar diameter, and antiwear additive content—similar to those of used oil contaminated with alternative fuel, sampled after 129 h of engine test bench operation. A design of experiment (DoE) methodology was applied to examine the effects of various parameters and identify optimal settings. Friction and wear tests were conducted using an Optimol SRV5 tribometer in a ball-on-disc configuration, while wear scars were analyzed with a Keyence VHX-1000 digital microscope. Oil analysis was conducted with an Anton Paar 3001 viscometer and a Bruker Invenio-S Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. The DoE results showed that the heating duration had a negligible effect on oil degradation. Aging time primarily affected changes in the friction coefficient and average wear scar diameter, whereas aging temperature was the primary factor influencing the anti-wear additive content. Gaussian elimination identified the optimal aging parameters as 132.8 °C and 103.1 h. These results were confirmed through surface analysis using a ThermoFisher NexsaG2 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, which showed that the tribofilm composition of the used oil most closely matched that of artificially aged oils prepared at 120 °C for 96 h and 140 °C for 120 h. The strong correlation between the predicted and experimentally confirmed conditions demonstrates the reliability of the proposed method for replicating realistic aging effects in lubricating oils.
Open Access: Yes
Mind the Net: Parental Awareness and State Responsibilities in the Age of Grooming
Publication Name: Social Sciences
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
In the digital environment, grooming—classified as a communication-based risk—has shown a steadily increasing frequency in recent years. In Hungary, increasing attention has been directed to the protection of children’s rights in the digital space in alignment with ensuring their online safety, with both parents and the state playing crucial roles in ensuring a safe digital presence. Within this context, the state bears a particular responsibility to educate not only children but also parents. This study explores how public policies and institutional programs in Hungary address the prevention of grooming and the reactive management of this harm through parental awareness. It examines existing measures aimed at expanding knowledge related to prevention and response, based on a qualitative analysis of the normative foundations of the state’s educational obligations and the relevant academic literature. The study relies on questionnaire data collected from parents of children aged 7 to 18 to examine the effectiveness of state measures and parents’ perceptions of them. The findings of the empirical research may support the development of state-led parental education programs and identify current gaps. As such, it can play a guiding role in shaping the direction of a future, large-scale investigation.
Open Access: Yes
Numerical modelling of a solenoid optimization problem with a superposition-based model order reduction method
Publication Name: Computers and Structures
Publication Date: 2025-09-01
Volume: 316
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This work investigates the application of a Model Order Reduction technique based on the Cauer ladder network method to the air cored solenoid geometry of the number 35 benchmark problem from the Testing electromagnetic analysis methods series, approaching both source and discrete radius optimization tasks. A projection-based reduced-order model was developed to accelerate the optimization process, achieving an average computational speedup factor of 35 compared to full-order finite element simulations. For discrete radius optimization, the problem was reformulated as a source optimization, enabling effective model order reduction application. The multiport Cauer ladder network approach reduced to a superposition of magnetic fields due to the simplicity of the problem. The reduced order model preserved consistency with the full order model when a small enough element size was chosen in the finite element model during its creation process. The error of the proposed methodology is an order of magnitude lower than the lowest objective function values in the optima, therefore it is suitable for multi-objective optimization.
Open Access: Yes
